Jan Eyre :: essays research papers

Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to find the right balance between moral duty and profane pleasure, between obligation to her spirit and attention to her body. She encounters three main religious figures Mr. Brocklehurst, Helen Burns, and St. John Rivers. Each represents a model of religion that Jane ultimately rejects as she forms her experience ideas about faith and principle, and their practical consequences.Mr. Brocklehurst illustrates the dangers and hypocrisies that Charlotte Bront perceived in the nineteenth-century Evangelical movement. Mr. Brocklehurst adopts the rhetoric of Evangelicalism when he claims to be purging his students of pride, but his method of subjecting them to various privations and humiliations, like when he orders that the naturally curly hair of one of Janes classmates be cut so as to lie straight, is entirely un-Christian. Of course, Brocklehursts proscriptions are difficult to follow, and his hypocritical support of his own luxuriously wealthy fa mily at the expense of the Lowood students shows Bronts wariness of the Evangelical movement. Helen Burnss meek and forbearing mode of Christianity, on the other hand, is too passive for Jane to adopt as her own, although she loves and admires Helen for it.Many chapters later, St. John Rivers provides a nonher model of Christian behavior. His is a Christianity of ambition, glory, and extreme self-importance. St. John urges Jane to sacrifice her randy deeds for the fulfillment of her moral duty, offering her a way of life that would require her to be disloyal to her own self.Although Jane ends up rejecting all three models of religion, she does not abandon morality, spiritualism, or a belief in a Christian God. When her wedding is interrupted, she prays to God for solace (Chapter 26). As she wanders the heath, poor and starving, she puts her survival in the custody of God (Chapter 28). She strongly objects to Rochesters lustful immorality, and she refuses to consider living with hi m while church and state still deem him married to another woman. Even so, Jane female genital organ barely bring herself to leave the only love she has ever known.

Creating Hyperlinks :: Computer Science

Creating HyperlinksTo insert the button I clicked on insert-interactive images-flashbutton when the options hiding came up I entered information such as style, dry land color, button text, font, link, target screen and then nameof the button. I then clicked OK.Creating HyperlinksTo link amidst pages I needed to create hyperlinks, to do this Ifirst wrote the text that I wished the hyperlink to display I thenhighlighted it and entered the link into the box that appearedI then pressed enterEntering textTo enter the text on my site I simply clicked where I wanted it to goand typed it in, I as well changed the properties of the text i.e.alignment, color, size, bold, format, etc by highlighting the text andusing the toolbar.AccuracyTo check the accuracy of my work, e.g. either of my links worked and thatthere were no spelling errors in the pages I got my friend to readthrough the page for spelling errors and dead links.Here is a spelling error that was found.and here is the correction Back-up savingTo ensure that I dint lose any work if the computer crashed Iregularly rescue my work, I did this by clicking on the file menu andthen save all frames or save button depending on which file page Iwas working on. I have provided screenshots below of the buttons Iused.I also saved it onto a cd incase the computer was damaged and the workwas lost.Spelling and grammar checkingTo make sure that there were no spelling or grammatical errors on mysite I copied the text into word and spell checked it.Changing the HTML codeThis is the HTML coding for the above table href=hardFrameset.htmHardware href=sofinFrameset.htmSoftware href=laptopFrameset.htmLaptops Computer Systems I will demonstrate how changing the HTML coding can affect the look ofa webpage. For example if I change the value of the table backgroundcolor (highlighted above) I can change the way the table looks. I havechanged the value from 000000 (black) to FFFFFF (white) this changesthe table background color href =hardFrameset.htmHardware href=sofinFrameset.htmSoftware href=laptopFrameset.htmLaptops Computer Systems This is what the table looked homogeneous after I had edited the htmlcoding.EvaluationPlanI followed the plan I do almost exactly as I made sure that the planwas accurate and would work so that I wouldnt need to think about thedesign of the site while I was making it whence allowing me toconcentrate on making the site.ProblemsI only had one problem really and that was that some of the flash

Symbols and Symbolism Essay - Role of Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Crucial Role of Symbolism in The Great Gatsby       The critic Harold Bloom once wrote, Never has symbolism played such a crucial part in the very foundation of a novel as it does in Scott Fitzgeralds masterpiece, The Great Gatsby. The dictionary defines the word symbolism as, The practice of representing things by way of life of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. The novel takes place during the summer of 1922, in Long Island and New York City. Daisy and tom turkey introduce Nick to Jordan Baker, a beautiful female golfer who cheats at the game Nick and she begin a relationship. Not long by and by they meet, Nick travels to New York City with Tom and Myrtle. Gatsby asks to speak to Jordan alone, and, through Jordan, Nick later learns more about his mysterious neighbor. Gatsbys extravagant lifestyle and wild parties are simply an attempt to impress Daisy. aft(prenominal) an awkward reunio n, Gatsby and Daisy restore their connection. Tom soon grows suspicious of his wifes relationship with Gatsby. Daisy realizes that her marriage is to Tom, and Tom sends her back to East Egg with Gatsby, attempting to prove that Gatsby cannot hurt him. When Nick, Jordan, and Tom thrust through the valley of ashes, however, they discover that Gatsbys car has hit and killed Myrtle, Toms lover. They rush back to Long Island, where Nick learns from Gatsby that Daisy was driving the car when it struck Myrtle, but that Gatsby intends to take the blame. The neighboring day, Tom tells Myrtles husband, George, that Gatsby was the driver of the car. George then goes to find Gatsby he finds him at his mansion and shoots him.   An excellent example of symbolism in The Great Gatsby can be found in many places including, the ash heap, Gatsbys silk shirts, the green light, The Eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, and Gatsbys library. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fa ding, bespectacled eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the valley of ashes, But above the grey land and the spasms of bleak dust which drift endlessly over it, you perceive, after a moment the eyes of Doctor T.

The Influence of Lucians True Story on Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels :: Gullivers Travels Essays

The Influence of Lucians True Story on Jonathan blue-bellys Gullivers TravelsLucians fictional and satiric travel dialogue, True Story, is a form that has been often copied over the centuries. Elements of his story, such as travel to the moon, inspired later science fiction. His presence in another world allowed Lucian and his imitators to poke frolic at or question the things of this world, whether it be national heroes and philosophers, misplaced patriotism or the more(prenominal) subtle lies of contemporary writers. Beyond symbolism, social commentary and represent , however, Lucians True Story allows the reader a humorous but interesting flight of fancy to undiscovered worlds. Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels is one of the best kn witness stories of European literature. Although the nurse is most often read as a childrens fairy tale, the story is intended as satire. In fact, Swift wrote to his friend, Alexander Pope, that the book was intended to chew out the world, not t o divert it. Swift comments on the wars of religion, and a myriad of problems with England, its leadership and its people. Many allusions can be caught by the careful reader, but umteen more through the passage of time and Swifts fabulous and incredible descriptions are lost to all but the most perceptive. However, Lucians influence on Gullivers Travels cant be missed. The authors attack many of the similar institutions and use similar devices to satirize their world. Lucians diatribe against irresponsible and dishonest writers, is mirrored in Gullivers Travels. Lucian describes how lots of other writers have shown a preference for the same technique under the guise of reporting their travels abroad they spin yarns of huge monsters, savage tribes, and strange ways of life. Gulliver excuses himself from writing down his adventures amidst the giants of Brobdingnag, by saying ...That cryptograph could now pass which was not extraordinary wherein I doubted, some Authors less consu lted Truth than their own Vanity or Interest, or the Diversion of ignorant Readers. That my own Story could contain little besides common Events, without those ornamental Descriptions of strange Plants, Trees, Birds, and other Animals or the barbarous Customs and Idolatry of savage People, with which most Writers abound. Swift also borrows Lucians emphasis on human anatomy and sex. Lucian describes sex with trees, men being hung by their penises, and other men using their member as a post on which to fix a sail.

Skating on Thin Ice :: essays research papers

Skating on Thin IceThe Olympic Games reach been around for hundreds of yrs. They are something that people everywhere around the world look forward to all year long. Athlete or not, everyone knows what the Olympics are. With the extreme popularity comes extreme broadcasting. Millions of people turned on their televisions and radios, read newspapers and magazines, and searched the web to hear the results and news round the games this winter. Broadcasting feeds people. They crave to hear the latest scandal, see footage of the most recent event, and be informed of what is going on in the world that they live in. This year the figure glide competition drew a particularly enormous audience. Because a scandal was involved, figure skating received special attention, which left the run around with a new reputation. Media is a powerful thing this was proven this year during the winter Olympic games. A lot was heard, and learned, ab come on figure skating during the foregone month of O lympic c everywhereage. This year, a problem with judging and secret deals caused two gold medals to be given out one to the Russians and one to the Canadians. What happened off the looking glass seemed juicier than the actual competition, according to many sources of media. What is interesting, is that controversy is not uncommon to the sport of figure skating. A Newsweek article, The Sleazy Side of Skating, gives many examples of past figure skating scandals. In 1908, at the London Olympics, Russian Nicolai Panin withdrew from competition, saying the judges were stacked against him. At the 1936 Games, a Hungarian judge placed the Hungarian skaters second and third, which stood out when no other judge had placed them higher than seventh. In 1927 at the World Championships in Oslo, a Norwegian skater placed first, thanks to three Norwegian judges. That led the International Skating Union to restrict each country to one judge. Although these are significant examples of figure skatin g trickery, they were not really valuable until now. Journalists are researching the history of figure skating, and making known scandals that had occurred in the past. In 1993, Tonya Hardings husband paid $6,500 to have Nancy Kerrigan injured so his wife could have an advantage. The Harding-Kerrigan scandal was this countrys first real taste of the drama that goes on with figure skating. Because a scandal involving money and crime took place, it was shown all over television, and talked about on the radio.

Comparing Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and Waiting for Mr. Kim :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Joy Luck Club and Waiting for Mr. Kim Throughout Asian American literature there is a struggle between Asian women and their Asian American daughters. This is the case in The Joy Luck Club, written by Amy erythema solare and also in the dead story Waiting for Mr. Kim, written by Carol Roh-Spaulding. These two stories are very different, however they are similar in that they portray Asian women trying to get their American daughters to respect their Asian heritage. There are certain behaviors that Asian women are expected to have, and the mothers feel that their daughters should go for these behaviors. In The Joy Luck Club, the novel traces the fate of the four mothers-Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-ying St. Clair-and their four daughters-June Woo, Rose Hsu Jordan, Waverly Jong, and Lena St. Clair. Through the experiences that these characters go through, they become women. The mothers exclusively fled China in the 1940s and they all retain much of their herita ge. Their heritage focuses on what is means to be a female, but more importantly what it means to be an Asian female. In the short story Waiting for Mr. Kim, the main female character Gracie understands what it means to be an Asian female, but she does question the meaning because of her sisters. Her sisters ran away from home and eloped before their wedding could be arranged. This is totally against Asian culture, and it causes Gracie to question her heritage and her Asian femininity. In both of these stories there are certain characteristics of females that are the same, they are inner strength, obedience, award and respect, the good of the family is better than the good of the individual. In the chapter Scar the characteristic of honor and respect is first noticed. In this chapter An-mei finds out how her mother deserted her, her mother did fall in for a good reason, which was to maintain the honor of her family, but either way her mother left her. Her grandmother had to r aise her, and she learned much about the Asian woman from her. An-mei was showing some disrespect towards one of her aunts, and her aunt told her that she was being disrespectful. Her grandmother then interjected and said, When you lose your face, An-mei...it is like dropping your necklace down a well. The merely way you can get it back is to fall in after it.

How to be a Better Health Care Provider Essay

There argon variant ways to be a interrupt health care provider. It takes practice to do so. Things like problems and communication barriers arent going to be the same with e very(prenominal)body. You have to dwell how to handle different situations with different types of people.When it comes to health care and taking care of patients, you have to do your best in eitherthing to try and help the patient. If there are communication barriers, you have to contribute around those, find a way to communicate. There are different ways to be a better health care provider. Its very valuable to be precise and explicit with your word choice. Your words can mean a lot to a patient so be thorough with the words you choose.There can be different situations in health care, you have to know how to handle them all. Most of all you need to know the problem solving steps. You have to identify the problem, list all alternatives, name the consequences of the alternatives, and evaluate and choose the best course of action. You need to be very careful in what you do in situations. All of them wont be easy, so you must be prepared for the worst at all times.In every health care place there is always team work and consensus. Team work is very important, because you need team work in parade to take care of patients. Its like if you were in sugary and there was one person doing it, thats not how it works. Multiple people are in on that surgery helping the surgeon, and thats not the only case it can be used. When a woman is giving birth, there are quadruplex people helping. No matter what you do in health care there will always be team work, so its important to know how to work with separates, and handle different people, and personalities.Point is, in order to be a better health care provider you need to know a lot about working with people. Its not going to be just you, its going to be you and a lot of other people. It can be hard, but you have to learn to cope, especially in a bad environment. It just takes practice and experience which youll get. One of the keys is being patient, so just be patient, have a good attitude, be helpful in team work situations, do your best to communicate when there are communication barriers, and youll be a betterhealth care provider before you know it.

Business and technology Essay

The second issue centered on the impact of distance-delivery on the effectiveness of wellness manage. The third issue involved a determination of the effects that the use of electronic communications have on health care delivery today. The fourth issue required a projection of the in all likelihood affects that the continued use of electronic communications will have on health care delivery. These interrelated issues are addressed in separate discussions in this paper.Electronic Communications as an External Delivery Mechanism When considering the ways in which electronic communications may be applied effectively as an external delivery mechanism in the communication of patient- pecific information, it is useful to first (a) find out the parties who will likely be involved in such interchanges and to (b) determine the types of information most(prenominal) likely to be transfer.Further, depending upon of types of information likely to be exchanged it is also useful to consider ho w and in what form such information is developed ( deputation on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006 committal on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012 World Health Organization, 2008).The party-pairs most likely to be involved in electronic communications exchanges are (a) provider-to-patient, (b) patient-to-provider, (c) provider-to-provider, and (d) provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006 Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012 World Health Organization, 2008).In these instances oddly so in provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers, the ssues of patient privacy and the integrity of patient-specific data must be an importa nt tocal point (McGraw, 2 The types ot patient-specific intormation likely to be exchanged amongst providers and patients, regardless of the direction of the initial contract in such exchanges, are (a) patient symptoms and concerns, (b) provider care directions and queries to patients concerning their clinical conditions.The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged among providers are (a) requests for the conduct of examinations and other procedures and b) consultations concerning the appropriate treatment protocols for specific patients.The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged between providers and parties other than patients and other providers are (a) patient-specific data required by administrative personnel for scheduling and billing purposes and (b) patient specific data required by health care funders for purposes of specific treatment authorizations (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance and Public Health Practice, 2 012 World Health Organization, 2008).

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) Essay

A human imaginations commission System (HRMS) or Human Resources breeding System (HRIS) refers to the ashess and processes at the intersection between clement mental imagery roll in the hayment (HRM) and reading technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in concomitant its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whitheras the programming of information processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise preference cooking (ERP) softw atomic number 18 program.On the whole, these ERP systems realise their origin on softw be that integrates information from different applications into unmatchable universal database. The linkage of its financial and human imagination modules through one database is the to the highest degree important distinction to the individually and proprietary authentic predecessors, which makes this softw ar application both rigid and flexible.To abbreviate the manual workload of the se administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human mental imagery management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the clientserver architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions.In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to demoralize or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of clientserver, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled increasingly high administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass.According to www.oracle.com using an electronic or computerized Human Resource Sys tem has several benefits. First is, Automate Key Processes,leverage workflow and internet- found processes to speed and hone recruitment, hiring, budgeting, compensation, termination, performance, skills, collective agreements, and to a greater extent. Perform rules-based HR budget control. Second, Get a Single Source of Truth, to maintain global HR data in a exclusive instance for better availability and accuracy ofinformation, with a global single repository of employee data. Third is, Manage Total Compensation, to attract and retain with the right faction of salary and benefits. Set limits and warnings.Control budgets by department, position, or role. Deploy absence and termination policies. Fourth is, Locate and Manage Talent Globally, to manage recruitment, hiring, and deployment on a global basis and address local country requirements at the same time. Manage address information, currency, data formats, banking details, and payment methods for any country. Conduct competen cy pen and management. Lastly, Integrate Intelligence with HR solicitude,to integrate intelligence with HR management to align the workforce with corporate objectives.According to www.nefsis.com using cloud-based video conferencing helps human resources faculty leverage state-of-the-art communications and online collaboration tools to advance the HR agenda. Now, online training, employee benefit meetings, and job slewdidate interviews can be conducted in private and group practical(prenominal) conference rooms anytime, anywhere.Using Video Conferencing has many benefits, to cut travel expenses for job candidate interviews, to shorten the hiring process, especially for distri preciselyed businesses, to improve the reach of employee benefit meetings to those that bewildered in-person sessions and those traveling, working from home, or at remote offices, and lastly to create a better online platform for employee benefits, safety, and regulatory compliance training.1.1 BACKGROUNDN owadays, there are a lot of manual systems being renovated to computerized one. Just like the Human Resource (HR) departments, many companies conduct evolved to a new computerized system, and also there are companies that still working on a manual based system. The function of Human Resource (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized natural selection, evaluation, and payroll processes.Efficient and telling management of human capital progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. Also the Human Resource (HR) department is in-charge of identifying the dominance applicants (Applicant Hiring).Being a Human Resource (HR) department, it is humiliating that they do not have a permanent system or database that can store their employee or applican ts information day by day. Sometimes, many companies encounter different problems related with the employee or applicants information.Using Ms Excel or Manual Filing is not advisable for storing or tracking employee or applicants data, using those kind of tracking or storing may cause of loss of file, unreliable data, time consuming, heavy manual workload, heavy human work force, and etc. on payroll, time and attendance, performance appraisal, benefits administration, HR information management system, recruiting/ training management, performance record, employee self-service, scheduling, absence management and analytics.The Human Resource (HR) department encourages the proponents to develop a system that impart help or solve the existing problems regarding Human Resource (HR) department and also to decrease the human workforce.1.2 tilt OF THE PROBLEM1.2 .1 What is the profile of the respondents in impairment of?1.2.1.1 Educational attainment1.2.1.2 Position1.2.1.3 Years of servic e1.2.2 What is the existing system in terms of?1.2.2.1 Processing of documents1.2.2.2 transmission system of information1.2.2.3 Tracking of records1.2.2.4 Evaluation criteria1.2.2.5 Generation of reports1.2.3 How effective the existing system in terms of?1.2.3.1 Speed1.2.3.2 Accuracy1.2.3.3 Manageability1.2.3.4 Functionality1.2.3.5 Portability1.2.4 Is there a implication difference of the perception of the respondentsin terms of? 1.2.4.1 Information of system1.2.4.2 Processing of documents1.2.4.3 Transmittal of information1.2.4.4 Tracking of records1.2.4.5 Evaluation criteria1.2.4.6 Generation of reports1.2.5 What are the problems encountered of the existing system in terms of? 1.2.5.1 Processing of documents1.2.5.2 Transmittal of information1.2.5.3 Tracking of records1.2.6 What is the system to be developed?1.3 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES1.3.1 General ObjectivesTo enhance the ability of the human resource management to leverage and absorb new and emerging opportunities and challenges in th e business horizons.1.3.2 Specific ObjectivesTo understand that the employees are also individual and have their own case-hardened of needs. To understand and define the everyplaceall objectives and goals of the organization, its mission as well as vision. To ensure proper availability of latest tools and methods for training the employees as required for their several(prenominal) competencies. To select best workforce from the labor market by using the recruitment options like internal job portals, job websites, advertisements, employment agencies etc. To point the right job to the right employee if the proper utilization of the talent is needed.1.4 SIGINIFIANCE OF THE STUDYThis seek is considered important to provide insight into the various Human Resource vigilance practices needed to perform BPO sector in Philippines. This study intends to investigate the role of Human Resource Management associated with firm performance, namely profitability, growth and employee managemen t.Also this research intends to scrutinize whetherbusiness strategy and environmental uncertainty moderate the relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Video Teleconferencing. Lastly, this study destines to further the forward research in HRM practices using the contingency approach. Relevant to the issues above, this study contemplates to generate a new framework for further research pertaining to Human Resource Management practices Video Teleconferencing relationships.1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSEmployees InformationEmployee Personal InformationService biographyDependants and Emergency ContactsAttendanceWarnings/GrievancesCompany PropertyEmployment Equity devote and BenefitsPay History including bonuses and deductionsGroup BenefitsVacation and LeaveBanking and LoansTraining and DevelopmentPerformance ReviewsEducation and CoursesSkills ProfileAwards and RecognitionHealth and SafetyIncidents and AccidentsMedical records impairmentApplicant HiringInitial Intervie wVersantOnline TestVideo Teleconferencing (final interview)Reports and Document LibraryPre-designed Letters and FormsOver 50 Standard ReportsDocument ManagementConfidential document storageMitigate your risk, have all your documentation readyRemindersAutomated Reminders and AlertsViewView Employee SummaryView Pay HistoryView Work HistorySecurityGroup and User securityPassword protectedBlock out certain information areas by userLIMITATIONThe system will not focus in calculating the whole payroll unless it will only do some split or portions of it. The Video Teleconferencing will only have a capacity of 4 persons per conference. System will only be limited to deuce users Admin and HR Managers1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMSHuman Resources- s the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. Human capital is sometimes use synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the in dividuals embody and can contribute to an organization). Likewise, former(a) terms sometimes used include manpower, talent, labor, or simply people. Human Resource Management is the management of an organizations workforce, or humanresources.It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. Teleconferencing Job interviews by teleconference involve setting up a conference telephone call amongst the members of the selection committee and the job applicant who can hear but not see each other. This may be appropriate where the applicant and the selection committee are in geographically remote locations, video conferencing facilities are unavailable and the applicant is agreeable to the use of teleconferencing.Video Conferencing Video conferencing is a combination of phone and video transmissions which allows people to co mmunicate by way of an audio visual link (AVL). Each site or endpoint is equipped with screens, microphones and cameras which allowspeople in two or more locations to see and hear each other as if participating in a face-to-face conversation.Security Control of access to a computer systems resources, specially its data and run system files.Versant are computerized tests of spoken language available from Pearson PLC. Versant tests were the first fully automated tests of spoken language to use advanced language processing technology (including speech recognition) to assess the spoken language skills of non-native speakers.Survey is to gather information by individual samples so as to learn slightly the whole thing.Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analogue message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.CHAPTER 2.0 PROJECT FRAMEWORK2.1 Theoretical FrameworkEnhancing meaningful learning by integrating technology into instruction al design is central to this project. The most influential theory associated with this process is the IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM proposed by A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013). It is based on the theory that it merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.2.2 Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual framework is built on four theoretical perspectives and prior research in conceptual model of HRMS. It is based on, but different from, existing and international HRMS models. Competitive advantage and performance are commonly noted as the ultimate needs of the organization this study focuses on the creation of the most requisite resources to realize these targets.2.3 Projec t ParadigmThis area explains the directions that the proponents should follow to accomplish the goals of the system, this will be a fine guide that will lead us to the aptness of the system.2.4 Review of Related LiteratureThis chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It contains a review of books and studies on the subject matter conducted here and abroad and their relation to the present research.The researcher looked for a number of related foreign and local literatures that will help us in developing our proposed project.2.4.1 local anaesthetic Studies and LiteratureHuman Resource Management (HRM) has shifted its function within organizations over the last few years. Its function has grown considerably and has shifted into a more strategic role rather than providing support for administrative paperwork.There has been a shift too, in terminology, with the term Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) becoming more common. Since the rapid outgrowth of tech nology, software developers are continuously creating new and sophisticated softwares that can help companies executeday-by-day HR administrative tasks as well as enabling them to perform fast and effective recruitment process, performance management, compensation & benefit, etc. OPUS Management (April, 2010). Human Resource Information System enabling your Human Resources Information System to Support HR strategic roles, volume 13, pages 101-116.This 21st century, companies are committed to provide world-class products and services to meet node requirements and satisfaction. This can be attached if companies could attract, employ and retain world-class people. Today, HR (Human Resource) departments continue to ensure that highly qualified employees / workers get the right job assignments, trainings, learning opportunities and maintain competency assessments to prepare them for a clear career path.There are even international trainings and seminars offered / given to employees as well as realistic transfer-of-technology from foreign expatriates to ensure efficiency and productivity. With the recent trends of companies vying for accreditation and certification from the ISO body, the HRs active participate in the education of its employees/workers rests on its move to ensure that the political partys Quality Policy is a commitment of everyone in the organization so that they may strictly implement it through effective communication, review and improvement.Magsino, B.V. ( idealistic, 2010). Human Resource Management (HRM) Gaining a Competitive Advantage, pages 19-22.There are many purposes of Human Resource Information System in our environment, first is, HRIS helps us to manage all of the employees information, second, it conducts reporting and analysis of employees information, third, it contains company-related documents such as employee handbook, emergency evacuation procedures, and safety guidelines, fourth, it benefits administration including enrollmen t status changes, and personal information updating, fifth, it has a perform integration with payroll and other company financial software and accounting systems, lastly, it is also responsible for applicant tracking and resume management.By automating Human Resource practices, HRIS saves time and money, effectively reallocates work processes and thus provides competitive advantage and add strategic value to the organization. Pelones, M. (July 14, 2013). Human Resource Information System.Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http//www.slideshare.net/Pilmathe2001/module2-human-resource-information-system-24215973?from_search=23.HRM refers to the policies, practices and systems that influence employees behavior, attitudes and performance. many another(prenominal) Companies refer to HRM as involving practices. The strategy underlying these practices needs to be considered to minimize its influence on company performance. HRM practices include analyzing and designing work, determining human resource needs (HR Planning) attracting potential and qualified employees (Recruiting) choosing employees (Selection) teaching employees/workers how to perform their jobs and preparing them for future (Training & Development), rewarding employees (Compensation) evaluation their performance (Performance Management) and creating a positive work environment (Employee Relations).HRM Practices are strategic. impressive HRM has been found to enhance performance company performance by contributing to employees and customers satisfaction, innovation, productivity and development of a favorable reputation in the business community. The potential role of HRM on company performance has only recently recognized. Gayno, H.C. (2010). Processing a Turnaround, Human Resource Management, p.11. The Human Resources of the Philippines Aside from natural resources is one of the basis of economic development.Its people is the most important resource of any country. It is important to understand how peo ple utilize and develop natural resources based on their character, diligence, and creativity. In fact, humans serve as the driver of the world since the direction of it depends on them. Julian (July 23, 2009). Human Resources of the Philippines. Retrieved September 06, 2013 from, http//www.slideshare.net/juilian/human-resources-of-the-philippines2.4.2 Foreign Studies and LiteratureThe complexities of the European environment differentiate much of Europe from the United States and also from much of East Asia. Moreover, there are apparent cross-national differences with respect to the impact of SHRM approaches on firm performance. untold of the empirical research demonstrating a positive connection between SHRM and firm performance has taken place in the United States (Wright & Boswell, 2002).Studies conducted in a potpourri of Asian countries also have shown HPWSs exerting a positive effect on firm performance (e.g., Bae& Lawler, 2000 Bae et al., 2003 Bjrkman& Fan, 2002Lee & Mille r, 1999 Morishima, 1998). In contrast, research is less supportive of the effective transference of American-style SHRM approaches to European countries (Doeringer, Lorenz, &Terkla, 2003 Harzing&Sorge, 2003 Rodrguez & Ventura, 2003).There are many factors that might explain why these techniques are not so effective in Europe, including political and cultural constraints, stronger unions, the regulatory environment, extensive use of works councils, and general resistance on the part of European management.Whatever the case, the apparently more limited efficacy of SHRM approaches in Europe provides one explanation as to why SHRM approaches seem less likely to be adopted there. Chen, S.J., Lawler, J., Bae, J. (2011). CONVERGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCE SYSTEMS A COMPARISON OF LOCALLY OWNED AND MNC SUBSIDIARIES IN TAIWAN, page 238.To develop a software application that supports the application limited to the HR automation in an intranet specific to a company there by allowing the integratio n of all the employees pertaining to that organization. To keep track of all the other departments related to that organization such as marketing, development etc. To allow the HR of an organization to modify the employee details when ever there is a change in the employee profile pertaining to that organization.The HR center is a powerful application designed to allow companiesto streamline their human resource tasks and manager their employees more efficiently,Employee and Company InformationEmployee Time, Attendence, and Leave RequestHR backup Management (i.e. insurance forms, W-2s etc.)The HR Center includes a comprehensive employee informationdatabase, work information, beneficiary information, and more for each employee. It comes standard with employee self-service access allowing employees to update their personal information, request time off or input their daily timesheet entries. It also has role based access aim control that is functionally based on whether a user is a n employee, a manager, or an HR admistrators.With HR center managers and HR admistrators can manage a track.Srikanth, T. (2012).Human Resource Management System. Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http//www.slideshare.net/chetanmbhimewal/3263270-humanresourcemanagementsystemshrms?from_search=8The paper titled HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is basically concerned withmanaging the Administrator of HUMAN RESOURCE Department in a company. A Human ResourceManagement System (HRMS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.The main objective of this paper is to reduce the effort of Administrator to keep the daily events such as attendance, pro jects, works, appointments, etc.This paper deals with the process of identifying the employees, recording their attendance hourly and calculating their effective payable hours or days. This paper should maintain the records of each and every employee and their time spend in to company, which can be used for performance appraisal. Based on that transfer, removal, promotion can be done. A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013).IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, volume 8, Issue 4, pages 62-77. For some years interviews for promotional custodial positions have been primarily conducted by video conferencing in order to reduce travel and recruitment time and costs. It is anticipated that more interviews for noncustodial jobs will be conducted by video conferencing as part of an ongoing CSNSW strategy to streamline recruitment activities and to have an outcome more quickly. In the main entry-level Cor rectional Officer and Probation and Parole Officer interviews, arising from candidature advertising, are conducted face-to-face.Based on the above considerations, the selection committee has the flexibility to utilise teleconferencing, video conferencing and face-to-faceinterviews. Human Resources Division will confer with the selection committee convenor about the mode of interview.(November 2012). Human Resource Job Interviews Video conferencing and Teleconferencing Policy and Guidelines, pages 1-4.(Electronic Data Processing) at the primary level, an organization may be interested in automating processing of routine information. It is an exercise of automating routine paperwork at the operational level. (Management Information System) in this phase focus is shifted from electronic data processing level to MIS level with more inquiry and report generation flexibility. This is intended for middle level manager to control the operation, matching budget or projection. (Decision Sup port System) facilitates decisions at the higher level in the organization. At this stage HRIS is more interactive and capable of developing decision model on many strategic issues.It is important to maintain that all these types of HRIS are equally important for an organization. Without EDP, i.e, the basic data storage of employees information and payrolls, MIS can not be developed. Because at MIS stage, middle level managers, duly retrieving information, try to enforce control at the operational level. Similarly, without EDP and MIS, DSS can not develop decision models, examining decision alternatives, as at the corporate level, inputs from EDP and MIS reinforce DSS with enhanced interactivity.Ojha, P.K (April 19, 2013). Human Resource Information System. Retrieved September 05, 2013, from http//www.slideshare.net/PranavKumarOjha/human-resource-information-system-19158875?from_search=10

The Philosophy of Morality

There is restriction on freedom everywhere. This is a derived idea from the argument of Immanuel Kant in his work, An Answer to the Question What is Enlightenment? This restriction is the reason why humans behave as they are they need a harmonious environment at heart themselves as a pursuit of individual community of well-being, freedom and safety. Humans are non ultimately free as they could be because their motions have consequences. We may call these consequences, according to Kant, imperatives for actions. The reason why certain acts ought to be done is because they ought to be done (Stratton-Lake, 2000).Generally, a rational human being would do an action consciously for possible reasons, which is considered as hypothetically imperative. It demands that a person does such action for the sake of a purpose that he has in mind. Why humanness should not break promises, why should not tell lies, why and should not commit suicide? This is because Man ought not do these acts. A ccording to Kant, the reason why Man should keep his promises because of his obligation to be consistent and the injunction against using others (i.e., against treating them single as means) (Nasr, 2008). This is a concrete example of Kants Ought priciple of ethics.Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means all(Kant, 1785). A true ethical person would not use people to further his own end and he treats other people with respect to a harbor of dignity and not a evaluate of price because a person with a value of dignity cannot be replaced and their value is priceless. An object with a value of price, as what the hypothetically imperative person believes, can be exchanged and used as a means to achieve an end.To Kant, this principle of humanity is the irresponsible limiting condition on the freedom of action of each man, and argues that the principle is not founded on experience but rather seated in the f ootholds of a priori reasoning, reasoning that comes before experience. Indeed, Mans actions are limited and the theoretical Ought of our judgments about facts, like the practical Ought of Ethics, is after all definable only in terms of what Kant called the Autonomy of Will (Royce, 1901).In fact, not only Kant recognized the limitations of the freedom of human Will and the actions that their will impose upon them and why Man obeys. Another philosopher who do a discourse on this ethical issue is Jonathan Edwards. He noted that there are ethics or the rules (Tappan 1839), which are, in fact, not compelled to be obeyed by everyone but impose a strong power upon the conscience of the majority, especially those who believes in an Almighty being and those who do not want to feel the queasiness of the evil and the persecuting nature of the Man.Disobedience to these manly imposed rules are considered as a state of sinfulness (Tappan 1839) or the corruption of human sensitivity disposed t o develop the harmony and fitness of the spiritual constitution. This is another binding factor that makes man perform the hypothetically imperative actions.Does honourableity purely exist? Morality is something that is not strongly defined, yet it is considered as the ultimate commandment of reason and this is the guiding source for Mans duties and obligations. Even Kant argues in his Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals that it is only a pure philosophy that we can look for the moral law in its purity and genuineness. Human beings have moral obligations to each other, and, as previously mentioned, because of reasons that they need and not because of their pure will to do such obligations. Man, to be good to each other without qualification would be a conceived as having a good will (Kant, 1785) and it must be understood, however, that humans do not have the autonomous will.They have the morally good will to attain the practical ends that they wish to have. Moral philosophies follow the laws of human will as affected by nature and when applied to man, it does not borrow the least thing from the companionship of man himself (anthropology), but gives laws a priori to him as a rational being. Moral laws require human judgment that has been sharpened through time and experience in order for them to be properly applied and for these laws to access the will of the man and effectual influence on conduct(Kant, 1785). The virtuous person does not only conform and obeys the moral law.He also act for the sake of the moral law itself. Mans actions are morally right as determined by the virtue of their motives, derived not from Mans inclinations but from Mans duty. A virtuous person, who makes a morally right action, is determined to act in accordance with his duty and this duty overcomes that persons self-interests and hidden desires. And for Kant, the Ought of Ethics is the defining factor for morality the sense in which the conduct of moral aget is to be judged as good or evil according as it does or does not conform to the standard of the Ought (Royce, 1901)As Kant have further argued in his philosophies, the ultimate moral law principle was abstractly conceived to guide man to the right action in lifes circumstances. However, if man is immature enough to acknowledge this guidance, judiciousness would never be achieved. Moreover, it is not only the lack of maturity that deter man and give him obstacles from being enlightened but also laziness, superstitious and absolute beliefs or fanaticism. Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large proportion of men, even when nature has long emancipated them from alien guidance (naturaliter maiorennes), nevertheless gladly remain immature for life (Kant, 1784).Enlightenment would result to freedom, and, if man is still of prejudices and dogmatic beliefs, Man would be nothing but an unthinking and leashed controlled being. Dogmas are the ball and chain of His permanent imma turity. (Kant, 1784) If Man stays immature and an obedient being without reason, he would be an object without dignity, a mere machine.Works CitedKant, Immanuel translated by mob W. Ellington 1785 (1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals 3rd ed.Royce, Josiah. The World and the Individual Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Aberdeen. 2d Series Nature, Man, and the Moral Order. New York Macmillan, 1901.Stratton-Lake, Philip. Kant, Duty, and Moral Worth. London Routledge, 2000.Tappan, Henry Philip. A palingenesis of Edwardss Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will. New York J.S Taylor, 1839.

How has IT affected Society? Essay

The term education technology (IT) refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, heavilyware, software, the Internet, or the passel that work with these technologies. IT evolved in the 1970s and has become a part of our everyday lives.GlobalizationThe creation of one interdependent system helps us to share information and end linguistic barriers across the continents. The technology has not only made communication cheaper, but also possible much quicker and round the clock. The wonders of textbook messages, email and auto-response, backed by computer security applications, has opened up scope for direct communication.Creation of New JobsThings that were once done manually or by hand have now become easier and faster due to the advent of a computing technology. A whole new field of opportunities for masterly persons has opened up such as web designers, computer programmers, system analyst etc.Cost effectiveInformation technology has helped to computerize the product line process to make them extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which in the long run gives rise to profits that means give way pay and less strenuous working conditions.Privacy Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming man knowledge.Dominant culture While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture commanding another weaker oneLoss of personal touch emails and instant messaging have replaced the old tradition of handwriting letters.Theft of personal information smutUnemploymentLac of job securityIT use in Mexico has changed since the implementation of NAFTA. Specifically, it appears that the indirect effects of NAFTA have increased clothement an d foreign firm activity in Mexico, which has ultimately increased IT use.However, the uniform proliferation of IT throughout Mexico, especially among domestic firms and within the more rural areas, appears to be weak.NAFTA, though helpful, could have been more effective in touch on IT adoption if it were aided by further government interventions and if more focus was directed at building up a more conducive IT infrastructure.Cuba is the Caribbeans largest and least commercialized island and one of the worlds last bastions of communism. The islands relative political isolation has prevented it from being overrun by tourists, and locals are rightfully friendly to those who do visit.Cubas international telecommunication infrastructure is in better condition and better able to meet current and future select than their internal infrastructure, although that is also improving. Demand for telecommunication is rising in spite of the economic effects of the loss of Eastern Europe and the embargo. Key industries which generate hard currency (tourism and biotechnology) require communication, and their requirements are being slowly funded.And article covering the effect of technology on the society of NigeriaWhile students may hunger and fade for computers they do not have the earning power to buy PCWhile students may hunger and yearn for computers they do not have the earning power so while the demand will be catalyzed by students it will be actualized by willing parents, wards, guardians, mentors and other well meaning Nigerians who are willing to invest as little as N3, 500 a month in the future of the country, Omobola Johnson, Minister of Communication engineering says summing up the launch of the assimilator PC Ownership Programme to equip Nigerian students with computers.Cost effectiveness on BusinessesQuicker CommunicationTheft of personal informationThe Information Technology Society deals with all aspects of information technology in industry, administratio n, teaching, research and science. Its primary aim is to promote the scientific and technical development of information technology and its pragmatic application. The ongoing computing and communications revolution has numerous economic and social impacts on modern society and requires serious social science investigation in order to manage its risks and dangers. Each technology has its users and developers. They determine the importance and influence of technology on the consumer. To determine and group the users and developers of the information technology, special properties have to be taken into account.

Fundamental Change of American Society

The American War for Independence was brought on delinquent to the subconscious aversion to British control. Americans increasingly wanted nothing to do with gravid Britain and developed different societal Ideas from them constantly. America was growing as a nation, except to grow even further, they needed liberation from the Crown. Patriots took supremacy over alone Tories in favor of the Crown and the rest of those remaining impartial.They felt fondly about getting rid of British existence by he era the war had commenced, and in 1779, a vernalspaper stated, Instantly banish every Tory from among you And send them to the Island of Britain (Doc. B). Because of the war, American society was changed in numerous ways. American fundamentals were altered by the American Revolution in regard to class differences economically, the growing trend of a strong central brass politically, and the granting of more freedoms socially.Before the war, Americas deliverance was controlled by B ritains mercantilist system therefore, America was comprised of farmers in the south and merchants in the orth. Without the mercantilist system, disputes arose on whether the new country should be based primarily on agriculture or manufacturing and trade. Those In favor of the Jeffersonian estimation believed that farming was, indeed, a very important occupation (Doc. F). Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, believed farmers were so virtuous because they were economically independent and were self- sustaining.Because of the new land ordinances, there was plentiful land for farming utilization, too. Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist and first Secretary of the Treasury, n the other hand, believed that imports and exports was the best way to better the economy and develop as a country. He also pressed for a national bank to stabilize and Improve the nations credit, whereas Hamilton was strongly opposed as he sought a more stately-governed nation. The post-war economy gave the cit izens many hardships, though, and there was serious civil unrest in some areas (Doc. G).The classes differed in America greatly due to the poor economy, making a huge gap between the rich and the poor. Rebellions arose, including the Shays Rebellion, hich took place In Massachusetts from 1786-1787. It occurred because of the financial diffculties the lower-class people were going through, the insufficiency of credit in the new paper money, and harsh policies to decrease the debt. A militia had to be formed instantaneously and the government power eventually won, but It showed that a strong military was needed for the government to be successful and reduce the amount of rebellions.Under the Articles of Confederation, the American government had little success. Federalists and Anti-Federalists existed, where Federalists generally pursued a strong entral government as the Ann-Federalists wanted the opposite. The Articles of Confederation gave a state-supported government, but It wasnt successful In many ways. There were many rebellions arising due to the flimsy government as a new 1 OF3 nation, so tne Idea 0T a strong central government Degan to arlse . Ine reaerallst papers addressed many aspects of why the theme should be ratified.The main ideas included the following including the fact that a strong government would better defeat the rising up of factions and other rebellions. The capital of Maryland Convention occurred in 1786 and resulted in a call for a Constitutional Convention. In September of 1787, the Convention took place to revise the Articles of Confederation, but Alexander Hamilton and crowd together Madison schemed to propose a new government all together the Constitution. James Madisons main idea resulted in the Virginia Plan with a very powerful, proportional bicameral legislature, an executive, and a judiciary.After the Constitution, the paper Federalist No. 51 was published in February 1788 and created by Madison to get across to the peopl e the structure of he government planned by the Constitution Convention. The main ideas were dependency and encroachment to conjure that each department should be as independent as possible, the legislature to assert that it is the strongest branch with equally powerful individual branches, usurpations and security to guard from usurpations because it is divided into distinct and separate departments, and factions to end any political uprisings.Basically, the Federalist Papers advocated a promoter by which checks and balances can be created and a separation of powers. The government had more power than the Articles of Confederation now, but Madison still feared the Constitution gave too curb of federal government power (Doc. l). Since the Constitution was implemented, the Federalists and Ann-Federalists were now disputing about loose and strict interpretations of the document. For example, if a law came about that wasnt specifically stated in the Constitution that the Federalists wanted, the Anti-Federalists deemed it unconstitutional.The Federalists argued that if a law was not expressly stated against, the law was constitutional. From being a divided, state-governed nation under the Articles of Confederation, to a united nation under the U. S. Constitution, the join States was now under the control of a strong central government and on the road to being one of the most powerful countries in the world. During the American Revolution, many social changes were brought about. In the war, women were taking part in activities that men typically only performed.Deborah Sampson was one of the women that participated in the war to assert her importance as a woman. She disguised as a man in order to serve in the Continental Army. Other women who were said to participate in battles were prone the nickname Molly Pitcher. The phrase Patriot Woman came into existence, and before the war, both terms were always separated (Doc. A). Daughters of Liberty used their home s kills to create a home manufacturing system for all the soldiers to support the war. Molly Wallace stated her claim that since women were allowed to read, then they should be allowed to speak (Doc.J). She wanted for womens voices to be heard since they were just as educated and active as men in society. Unfortunately, this speech signified that, although women contributed very much in the war, womens rights were not significantly changed. As far as Native American relations, they were hoping to have peaceful relations with Americans since the King told them to take the Americans by the hand as friends and brothers (Doc. C). The Native Americans were not included in the conformity of Paris of 1783, however, as the United States were making pollcles 0T separate treatles wltnln trlDes.I ne Natlves were quite apprenenslve, ana they stated, we thought that the treatys conclusion would have promoted a friendship between the United States and the Indians (Doc. E). The whites were pathetic west now, as the Proclamation Line of 1783 was eliminated (Doc. H). The Northwest Ordinance was declared to let the Americans move westerly as long as they did not dumbfound any slavery into the areas with them. The Indians were in no place mentioned in the laws of the Northwest Ordinance and were again trying to be disregarded by the Americans.On the other hand, the northerly slavery opposition started growing even more, which was a huge step in social change for the blacks. They were also accounted for in Congress due to the Three-fifths via media allowing the slave population to be represented in the southern states in the House. Religious freedom came about as well during the American Revolution as the Virginia Statutes stated, no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever (Doc. D).This promoted religious diversity in the United States thus, encourage the American Identity. The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights also established freedom of religion, as well as freedom of speech, the right to assemble, and freedom of the press. These new freedoms escalated to the fundamental idea of a free country. The fundamentals of American society were changed by the American Revolution. Economic change in class differences, political change in the strong central government trend, and social change in the spreading idea of freedom.Egalitarianism was an overall change in the society, too, meaning everyone is equal. The main effect of the revolution was a new strong federal government brought about by the Constitution, which gave everyone equal rights. This is a main foundation for the United States of Americas prospering. Without the ideal of equal rights for all, America would be a completely different society all together, without life, liberty, or the pursuit of happiness.

Organisation Behaviour Essay

Expolanka Bangladesh throttle is a host companies in Bangladesh . It has several baby concern who argon holding different airlines General gross gross revenue Agent (GSA) in Bangladesh. Wings authoritative Tours and Travels Limited is one of the sister concern who is holding General gross revenue Agent of Virgin Atlantic Airlines. The history motorbus in the accounting plane section prep atomic number 18s different types of delineate to assist plowment with decision. The bowl plays a vital rule for decision making in this organisation.This analysis revealed including the requirements of this omnibusial rail line ,how a motorcoach interact with inside and outside group or several(prenominal) who atomic number 18 important, principle characteristics of these individual or groups, A course task analysis provides a basis for establishing the knowledge, skills, and abilities to motion in a plowrial position . It determines what job tasks omnibus per devises on a daily, biweekly, monthly, and yearly basis . These job tasks are separated into different stages based on duties, responsibility, type of job task and so on. ? accounting Managers job description The Accounting Manager is creditworthy for all in all areas relating to financial reporting. This position is responsible for developing and maintaining accounting principles, practices and procedures to assure accurate and seasonably financial statements. Financial statements include Income statement, Balance bed sheet and Cash flow statement, changes of equity and notes to the accounts. Accounting standard (International Accounting Standard),Corporation Act, company law ,taxes rule must be maintained and complied by him to prepare that reports .The Accounting Manager supervises staff accountants and is responsible for managing the team to ensure that work is properly allocated and completed in a timely and accurate manner . He interacts with glide by management, corporate team and oth er departments e. g. sales department, selling department and operation department inside the organization. He deals different type of reports and data with them. This position involves a multitude of accounting activities including general ledger preparation, financial reporting, year end audit preparation and the support of cypher and forecast activities.The Accounting Manager contacts with senior- direct and the tights Managing Director ,Executive Director and Corporate Finance Controller which requires strong interpersonal communication skills twain written and verbal. He represents all the financial activities in the board hiting. He monitors and collects outstanding payment within stipulated credit duration from clients , makes the payment to the principal that is virgin Atlantic as per terms and condition , takes requisite action about financial transactions and deals with financial institutions and leasing companies as well.Corporate Finance Controller is aid by him in the daily banking requirements. This position collaborates with the other departments passenger vehicles to support overall department goals and objectives. Managing Director , Finance Controller, and other wide managers bring forth respond regarding financial results, special reporting requests from this position. He handles military group issues relating to staff conflicts, absenteeism, performance issues, etc. Monitoring and analysing departmental work to develop more effectual procedures and use of options sequence maintaining a high level of truth withal include under manager duties and responsibilities.This position requires to follow any other job-related duties required by the management. This job description in no way implies that these are the only duties to be performed. (Accounting job description, n. d) Individuals/groups who are important to this job The Accounting manager interacts with different groups and individual inside and outside the organisation. The Managing Director, Finance ascendancy and gentle Resources Manager are the just about important to his job inside the organisation. He has lots of routine tasks with them. Besides that other departments Manager e. Sales manager , market placeing Manager and operation Manger is also important for his job position. former(a) accounts executives inside the organisation play important rule to assist the Accounting Manager requirements. In amplification to that Financial institution (bank ,leasing company )and the principal (Virgin Atlantic Airlines) and the clients are important to carry out his job. (Accounting job description, n. d) Main characteristics of these groups /individual Managing Director Mr. Mahbubul Anam is the Managing Director of Expolanka Bangladesh. His esponsibilities is to manage, monitor and guide the working of the organisation. He involves of controlling all important departments such as finance, sales, human resource, marketing etc. He also supervises an d monitors the work these immaculate departments.Decisions ,advices and recommendations are also taken by him to achieve the organizational goal. He conducts meeting with respective department in the company to find out business strategies for growth of the company in terms of sales figures and net profit. She involves to taking right decision in favor of the companys interests and satisfies of the shareholder. Managing Director job description n. d ) Finance Controller The main job responsibility of the Finance Controller is to manage all financial issues. This includes The first task of the Finance Controller is to manage and conduct financial resources. So that he plans for future needs and support regarding finance to run the business smoothly. Preparing and monitoring of financial bud puddle and submit that report to the board of directors of the organization. Where any inconsistencies to reconciliations , He takes action or refer to relevant personnel as appropriate Stat utory authority and audit requirements are complied . Ensure compliance all revenue enhancement and legislative requirements at all times. fork overs monthly and weekly report to the head quarter, monthly financial statement, fortnightly and daily different reports to the management . (Accounting job description n. d) Human resource managerHuman resource manager plays important role to recruit employee in this organization. His duties includes Compensation, benefits and performance management systems, and safety and recreation programs are administered by him. Identify staff vacancies and recruit, interview and select applicants. Allocate human resources and ensuring appropriate matches between personnel. Provide current and prospective employees with information about policies, job duties, working conditions, wages, and opportunities for promotion and employee benefits. (Human Resources Manager n. d ) Sales Manager Develops a business plan and sales strategy for the market that ensures attainment of company sales goals and profitability. Prepares action plans by individuals as well as by team for effective search of sales leads and prospects. Initiates and coordinates development of action plans to penetrate new markets. Assists in the development and implementation of marketing plans as needed. Provides timely feedback to senior management regarding performance. Provides timely, accurate, competitive pricing on all completed prospect applications submitted for pricing and approval, while striving to maintain maximum profit margin. Maintains accurate records of all pricings, sales, and activity reports submitted by Account Executives. Controls expenses to meet budget guidelines. ( H. Rob n. d )Marketing Manager manage and coordinate all marketing, advertising and promotional staff and activities conduct market research to determine market requirements for existing and future products analysis of customer research, current market conditions and competitor information develop and implement marketing plans and projects for new and existing products manage the productivity of the marketing plans and projects monitor, review and report on all marketing activity and results (Sample Marketing manager job description n. d) Principle characteristicsName Position Age Gender Personality Pattern of fundamental interaction Efficiency goodness Satisfaction Mr. Mahbubul Anam Managing Director 50 Male Negotiable aspect to face send for E-mail Fax Efficient Effective yes Mr. MH khusru Finance Controller 40 Male Friendly everyplace the telephone E-mail Face to face fax Efficient Effective yes Mr. Bahauddin Ahmed Human Resources Manager 42 Male Extroversion Over the telephone E-mail Face to face fax Efficient Effective Yes MS. Naima Imam Roy Sales Manager 38 Female Agreeable Over the telephone E-mail Face to face ax Efficient Effective Yes Mr. Shahidul Islam Marketing Manager 42 Male Openness to learn Over the telephone E- mail Face to face Efficient Effective yes Nature of interdependency The Accounting manager is independent in this organization. Even though he collaborates with other department for various issues wish well credit duration, credit realisation within stipulated , court minimise , more profit and increase revenue. He is also part of mid management to achieve the organisational goal. Managing director Accounting Manger always expects to support from managing director.In this situation Accounting Manager propose to finance controller and he conducts with Managing director. This is sequential way to communicate. He also assumes major decision for financial issues and approval for strategy from managing director. On the other hand, Managing Director expects cost minimization, increase net profit , efficiency of financial information and effective time management from Accounting Manager. Finance controller In this regard, Accounting Manager requires all financial support from finance co ntroller manager to carry out the business.However, Financial controller also assumes to minimize operational cost, proper drill of resource and increase the net profit by efficiency. Sales Manager He also expects accuracy of the financial support, various financial report and information to achieve his departmental goal and organisational goal as well. In the same way ,Accounting Manager require sales target, financial requirement to implement that sales from sales manager. Marketing Manager He manages and coordinates all marketing, advertising and promotional staff and activities.He determines and manages the marketing budget by submitting the budget to the Accounting Manager. Accounting Manager prepares at a glance report with appropriate supporting then forwards to the management for approval. Diagram of interdependency Evaluation of the interdependent of group Effectiveness Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result. All the Manger in this organisation are d oing well their task effectively by systematic way. All kind of tasks are assigned by the management to achieve the organisational goal. For example Accounting Manager has ceiling to access his financial power.He is authorise to access up to that finance power. If the transaction is more than that ceiling then he needs to get approval from managing director. In this way, all Managers perform their activities with effectively to run their business. Efficiency Efficiency means to do right things in right time. If Accounting Manager can get the financial decision form Finance controller instead of Managing director then it would be more efficient. However, they have finished their work more efficiently what we have assigned to achieve the goal and target. SatisfactionAll managers and employee are well-off in this organisation. They practise and follow multinational culture. Every employee works as a team appendage with their satisfaction not like superior or subordinate. Recommendati ons Airlines industry is a high competitive industry. it has a positive image in the market due to its high service level , wide market coverage and at a reasonable rate with fast service All department managers should be more helpful and cooperate to each other to achieve the goal All manager should get free mobile for better communication. Management should arrange the transport facilities for their employee because of transport problem in capital of Bangladesh city. They have to build up strong communication network from lower level to top level for perform their job efficiently. Try to introduce more motivational workshop for employee training. All department managers come friendlier to their subordinate looks like a family member. 01. Accounting job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 10, 2012 from http//www. accountingjobstoday. com/cm/Job-Descriptions/accounting-manager2. tml 02. Expolanka (Bangladesh) Limited (n. d) Retrieved on August 11 , 2012 from http//www. expol ankafreight. com/regional_offices/bangla. htm 03. Managing Director job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http//www. buzzle. com/articles/managing-director-job-description. html 04. Human Resources Management (n. d) Retrieved on August 13 , 2012 from http//www. burtoncontractors. com. au/files/Financial%20Controller. pdf 05. H,Rob( n. d) Sales Manager job description example Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http//www. alescareersonline. com/articles/article_08132006_2. html 06. Sample Marketing Manager job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http//www. best-job-interview. com/marketing-manager-job-description. html 07. Human Resources Manager (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http//job-descriptions. careerplanner. com/Human-Resources-Managers. cfm picpicpicpicpic Managing Director Human resource manager Accounting Manger Finance controller Director Marketing Manger Sales Manager

Gender Roles in Society Essay

What is sexual activity role? Gender roles feces be linked closely to the book of account as the relations between workforce and women as both intuitive and sensual. Biologically gender is not determined however, as a result of sexual characteristics of any men or women, it is established socially. According to the Food and Agri nicety Organization of the United Nations gender is a central organizing principle of societies, and often governs the processes of production and reproduction, consumption and distribution.Gender issues focus on women and on the kind between men and women, their roles, access to and control over resources, division of labor, interests and needs. Gender relations influence family well-being, category security, planning, production and opusy other aspects of sustenance including the flair we think or sense according to champions gender. For this reason the definition of gender role today should be revised and predefined because the meaning it at a time had is no longer comparable with the Bible. umpteen countries have experienced huge turmoil and revising of its traditionalistic gender roles within the last generation.These changes in gender roles affect the home, the workplace, and the school, plus they affect all walks of life to some degree. Gender role is a comm and discussed subject in society and gayy may argue about the original role of a man or a char. Society and culture be also very important in relation to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may rear children and later, grown men and women, who have quite different views of a man or a womans place in the world around them, often determined by their cultures gender stereotypes.Gender roles are attached to persons according to their gender. So, what are mens and womens roles in society? Should they be equal or do they have well defined roles they should play? In this day and age, quite a little like to be intolerant by attempting to v ex the two sexes equal. Most people feel that it is unfair to say that women prat do certain activities better than men and men can do other activities better than women but deity actually made men and women other than and has wedded them different roles in life and society. god has made men and women to fit certain roles He has defined.The Bible negotiation a lot about Gods roles for men and women. Genesis, the first book of the Bible, talks about Creation and how sin entered the world. When God created all(prenominal)thing, it was perfect and good. Right after Adam and Eve disobeyed God, God kicked them out of the perfect place he had made for them called the Garden of Eden. Genesis 316-19 says To the woman He said, I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth, in pain you shall bring frontwards children yet your desire shall be for your married man, and he shall rule over you.Then to Adam He said, blasted is the ground because of you in toil you shall eat of it all the d ays of your life. Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you and you shall eat the plants of the house by the sweat of your face you shall eat bread. This is Gods first example of roles to women and men. It was meant for men to take care of land and work it for food to provide for his family and women would bear children and take care of them and promote them while their husband worked. A meet, a man and womans role is well defined in a home.They are both made for each other and to grow strong as one. A woman has quite a unique role to fill. She is made as a companion for her husband because without a married woman a man is alone and she is the only one who can provide the knowledge needs. She should give her husband substance because he needs it just as she needs it also and only she may know the husband in such(prenominal) a way to provide the kind of affection he needs. A wife is there to give physical needs because God made man and woman to rely on one another.Also a wom an should bear children for her husband to make a family that they can all love and appreciate. Most mothers spend more time with her children and her influence on their character development is great because they see her the most. Lastly, every woman should be a keeper at home and this requires diligence and the kind of care only women can provide. It is a place of honor among God and His people. A woman should be a guard, and ruler and keeper of the affairs of the home (Prov. 3113-15). in that location is nothing wrong with a woman working, as long as it is done in the correct way it is honorable. All women, whether married or not, can look to the worthy woman for guidance for life-time godly lives. In Gods pattern we do not see slavery, but freedom, honor, and true beauty. However, all women shall strive to fulfill their God given roles in their own families, so as to gain honor for themselves, for their families, and for God. In addition, a mans role in society differs quite d ifferently from a woman.The man is the key to making the family work the way God intended. God puts the responsibility of having a Biblical family on the man. On top of that, men are under a lot of caper pressure because of the failing economy which makes it harder to provide for the family. Many men never had a role lesson in their home. There should be Godly men helping their off springs to become who they ought to be for the doughnut of God. custody should love their family as Jesus loved the church he is to also love the members of his family as he loves his body.He is to nourish it. He is to cherish it. He is to take care of it. Thats the way God wants a man to love his family. Eph. 523 says, For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church and the Savior of the body. Notice that it didnt say the head over the wife it said the head of the wife. It is not dictatorship. A man is not the dictator in the family but the man is to protect and pro vide for his family. Being a good provider is not enough as men have a spiritual responsibility.They should get their family in church each Sunday and take every opportunity to help them learn about Jesus Christ and to grow in their relationship with Him. Men should obey the word of the Lord and ask the Lord to help him be the man he should be. Many of men have failed to lead their family like they should. However, if he is the man, the father, the kind of husband God wants him to be, and if he lifts his family to be everything God wants them to be, one of these days he will reap a good harvest in his children. However, the shifting of gender roles in the past thirty years has been huge.It has happened so quickly that men and women are still trying to sort out what the sunrise(prenominal) roles and rules mean to them although women are no longer pass judgment to be the keepers of the house, in reality, they are in most families and although men are generally open to the successes enjoyed by the women they share their lives with, some still find it hard to celebrate a womans triumphs because they feel it attenuates their own. Even though the Bible clearly states the role of a man and a woman some(prenominal) individuals may argue this because the Bible was written a long time ago and they feel such implications do not apply anymore.Yet, the Bible is the word of God and his word is always right and should be abided by no matter how we may feel. Historically, it is important also to note that cultural differences flourish in the emphasis of ones gender role and in certain societies such assumption in accepted gender norms can also play some part in the definition of gender identity. It will take time to sort out all the assumptions of the changing gender roles of individuals, but new expectations should result in better lives, better relationships, better schools, and better workplaces.

Alternative Dispute Resolution

hu pieces has alship canal sort ways of dealing with conflicts and disputes among genus Phalluss of the society in a just and light manner. ersatz dispute re dissolver is unity among the conflict dissolving agent methods which have gained such(prenominal) admitance from the ordinary in the recent years.The process involves any form of dispute gag law proficiency that does not follow the judicial judicial process supply of the law (Maclaury, 2005). It is however worth noting that due to the increasing acceptance of pick dispute resolution by legal professions, some legal courts allow for its use before a cheek is tried.Such are viable measures in ensuring equitable justice in resolving disputes between parties. They oerly provide an efficient and highly cost effective way of resolving disputes. To be realized here(predicate) is the fact that, of all the existing events of alternative dispute resolution methods, none is applicable to victims of capital crimes (Marescha l, 2002). The generator of this paper gives a discussion on alternative dispute resolution, its history and the different forms or methods it takes.The origin also takes a look on the alternative dispute options as accepted in the advance(a)e society and how they have charmd the process of executing equitable justice between disputing parties. History of selection argufy fortitude (ADR) The history of alternative dispute resolution is as old as the history of man (Mackie, 2001). Disagreements have always existed among large number in the society. However, the modern history of ADR in the American society is patently marked with the 1960s political and civil conflicts (Banks, 2008).Such conflicts led to the implementation of human rights laws thus giving the people legal provisions for compensation on ill treatment. This was found to increase the number of legal suits in our courts of justice, a factor which led to the popular appreciation of meditation and arbitration as v iable ways of resolving dispute. This did not barely ensure justice but much reduced the case essence in the court system. alternate dispute resolution techniques There are mainly four type of ADR. First is negotiation.This technique of conflict resolution involves only the type disputing parties voluntarily quest a solution to their dispute (New York State Unified Court System, 2009). Mediation is another form of dispute resolution technique which mainly involves a third party who chairs the resolution process. It is however to be far-famed here that the intermediator might suggest a solution to the dispute but does not have the legal/ example authority to impose it to the parties. This method is commonly utilize in resolving civil and ethnic conflicts in spite of appearance a nation or conflicts between nations.The third method of alternative dispute resolution is the collaborative law. This technique is characterized by the fact that it involves attorneys representing the disputing parties (Mareschal, 2002). The legal professionals are tied by the contractual terms gestural with their clients and thus are always acting in the interests of their respective party. Arbitration is another commonly used technique of ADR. This form of resolution process is differentiated from negotiation in that it involves a third party.Another residue of arbitration from other forms of ADR is that the third party imposes a resolution to the problem. It is due to this reason that such(prenominal) a technique is usually used if the disputing parties had allowed for such in their contract (Maclaury, 2005). Due to the unfairness that could arise from such imposed resolutions, it is a common provision for parties to appeal in the courts of justice. It should however be noted that on that point are other forms of ADR such as case evaluation, which involves evaluation of the positions of the parties by a third party.The judge then gives an assessment of the possible decisio n that could be made in the law courts. Such evaluations by a legal expert are made to influence the parties in resolving to settle the case alfresco the law courts. It is still to be noted that family conferences are another ADR technique as it strengthens the correlative relationships between family members thus reducing incidences of ill-treatment among them (Banks, 2008). Courts or individual parties can select a inert party who contacts a fact searching investigation on the dispute.This technique is mainly employ in resolving intellectual property disputes. Lastly, ADR can take a form in which an organization selects a third party who oversees the resolution of its disputes with complaints. Changes and options provided in ADR Traditional ADR techniques involved the constant physical involvement of the parties in resolution process. It has however been evident that most modern ADR techniques like meditation and arbitration allow for the establishment of a resolution by the third party in the absence of the disputing parties (Banks, 2008). Another change in ADR is seen in arbitration.Traditional arbitrations involved a member of the governing authority as the third party who imposes the resolution to the dispute (Center for Democracy and Governance, 1998). However, this has changed in that modern arbitration process has a neutral commercial vendor as the third party. This party should not have strong social or political influence in the process. This avoids imposition of unfair resolutions to the disputing parties. Another change of ADR techniques in the modern society is the legal provisions for appeal by the parties in the event of failure to resolve the dispute outside courtrooms.It is however to be noted that, following the legal provisions for ADR, rules and regulations have been developed thus making the process more reliable. It is due to this reason that such dispute resolution techniques are gaining much acceptance in the public domain. Cour ts have evidently employed such techniques as neutral fact finding in seeking to identify the underlying facts behind the dispute. Such testimonies have a great impact in ensuring fair and just judgments in our courts. ADR has a number of options. The first is the fact that the two parties involve in the resolution process on voluntary basis (Maclaury, 2005).Even arbitration requires for a legal binding provision on the contract signing to be executed. Another option is that the parties are free to agree or differ on the disputed matter and can seek judicial justices as an appeal. It is however to be noted that ADR resolution once agreed upon by the two parties are legally binding and violation by any party is subject to the law. Conclusion ADR has been one way of settling disputes between parties in a contract agreement. This is also applied in disputes involving neglect of a legal responsibility by one party over another.It is however to be realized that such dispute resolution te chniques have gained much acceptance in the community due to the increasing respect for human rights space in the modern society. This has also been attributed to the fact that ADR has been legally recognized by our judicial systems. References Banks, S. (2008). ADR and Litigation Involving Social Problems. Fordham Urban justice Journal, 35, 71-97. Center for Democracy and Governance. (1998). Alternative Dispute endurance Practitioners Guide. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from http//www. usaid.gov/our_ engage/democracy_and_governance/publications/pdfs/pnacb895. pdf Mackie, K. (2001). A Handbook of Dispute resolvent ADR in Action. New York Routledge. Maclaury, J. (2005). Alternative Dispute Resolution. Monthly Labor Review, 128, 46-137. Mareschal, P. (2002). Introduction New Frontiers in Alternative Dispute Resolution. International Journal of Public Administration, 25, 67-101. New York State Unified Court System (2009). Alternative Dispute Resolution. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from http//www. courts. state. ny. us/ip/adr/What_Is_ADR. shtmlAlternative Dispute ResolutionAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a mean used or applied by the parties who wish to settle their disputes or differences outside courtroom. When a learning team decides to resolve disputes, disagreements or differences among learning team members, it can use facultative ADR clause.The clause is normally used when the matter is not resolved through negotiation and is recommended to the team by the Centre for Dispute Resolution (CEDR). Some of the disputes subjected to ADR are Personal confrontation, dispute over goals, disagreement over methods, means and routines, dispute expected as health interaction etc.Disputes arise when team members think only of themselves, compete with one another, criticize teammates and blame someone else for wrongdoing. Dispute is endemic in organizational life-time and research shows that conflict can often be a means by which teams learn to work togethe r effectively. (Charles, 2001)The provisions necessary for ADR to occur includes If a team member expresses dissatisfaction with the recommendation of the team, if a member expresses dissatisfaction with a decision made by the team, if a member is dissatisfied with teams determination to solve a dispute, then they may submit the entire dispute to the ADR clause. Though ADR helps the parties to settle the disputes, for the process to work effectively thenTeam members must agree to work with dispute that affect interpersonal relationships of the team and accept the dispute as it exists. Members should progressively learn how to discuss issues vigorously, handle each member and engage in arguments without feeling as if they are personally attacked.They should emphasize on dialogue between the members, avoid babble and make sure not to expose team discussions outside. The public policy reasons for enforcing the clause should be good.The ADR clause must go much further than coming up w ith a simple agreement to negotiate.The excogitation of the members should be mutual and the litigation should be treated as the last alternative. ADR need to be applied as the last resort when the team fails to reach an agreement to settle their differences.ReferencesCharles A. Cooper, (2001) Alternative Dispute Resolution Practice Guide. New York Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Company.Nancy F. Atlas, (2000) Alternative Dispute Resolution. New York American Bar Association.

Managerial Accounting Essay

To Mr. George Friedman and Bill Compton, here atomic number 18 some options on slipway to operate base of household incomes. Below are various ways to decide which might trump out fit in your organization. Managerial skills are important in an organization and in leadership, especially managerial decision making. These help achieve the goals of the organization and harness the potential of everyone inside the organization (Managerial Skills, n.d).The fee for viands is $1.25 per student each day. Staff will received a 10% benefit on their salaries in addition $200 for the benefit programs. Variable supplies are $1 per student each month. Step cost are salaries for instructors, averaging $1,600 per instructor for each class. As opposed to fixed costs, which remain constant, these costs arise in direct proportion toa business output, increasing and decreasing along with the volume of production (Schneider, 2012).Experiencing a juvenile class added would be beneficial due to the ut ilitys increased by $355. Whatever case of profit adding to the revenue helps Friedman and Compton childcare center. A business can have higher revenue, but if the costs are higher, it will show no profit and is destined to go out of business when available capital letter runs out. Managing costs and revenue to maximize profit is key for any entrepreneur (Davidson, n.d).If the tuition remains the equivalent the infant care class will be taking, the division would contribute $615 to net income. According to kill & Williamson, understanding what makes a profit is important (Lynch, Williamson, 1984, para 2). Although the school may be having some task with increasing revenue, however, containing the new infant class could assist with the cash flow problem.ReferenceDavidson, E. (n.d). What are cost, taxation and Profit Important? retrieved website http//smallbusiness.chron.com/cost-revenue-profit-important-11952.htmlLynch, R. & Williamson R. (1984). business relationship for Manage ment, Planning, and Control, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing Co, New-Dehli Managerial Skills (n.d) Decision Making Critical for Managers retrieved website http//www.managerialskills.org/managerial-skills-decision-making/Schneider, A. (2012). Managerial Accounting Decision Making for the Service and Manufacturing sectors. San Diego. CA, Bridgepoint Education.

Inequalities in Health

Inequalities in health have numerous factors but these thunder mug be argued against as to whether they be the actual cause. Social class is a factor, on with region, age, gender, ethnicity etc. Measuring the impact of social class is difficult because social classes have permuted over the years, eg) working(a) class living conditions have changed, and in that respect is a delay in the onset of diseases, eg) Asbestos related laid low(predicate)ness. (NICE 2009) un slight the Black Reports (1980) finding was that the death rate for hands in the lower social classes was twice that for men in the higher social classes, and the gap between the two was increasing not reducing.It also showed that or so people in the lower classes were experiencing worse health than in the 1950s, maybe giving yard that the change in working class living conditions wasnt such a contributory factor. The report showed that British rates of infant mortality were in some cases higher than those in man y developing countries, which doesnt point towards a class inequality. The Black Report identified four historys of health inequalities, the artefact explanation, subjective or social selection, the ethnic/behavioural explanation and materialist or structural explanation.The artefact explanation express that the relationship between class and health is artificial rather than real, arising either through the inadequate standard of social class and health, or in the measurement of the relationship between the two. (UCEL 2003) The natural and social explanation involved the idea that health was a cause of social class position rather than a consequence, and that individuals are selected into higher classes, while the weakest go down the social scale to occupy the lowest position.The cultural/behavioural explanation defined culture as a set of specific behaviours (smoking, excessive drinking, frail diet and physical inactivity) which have consequences for health. These behaviours were regarded as cultural because of the understanding that they are within the control of individuals. The materialist or structuralist explanation explained the role of economic and structural factors in the distribution of health and well being. Research was conducted to pop the question evidence for the materialist/structuralist explanation.It found a link between low birthweight and high rent pressure in adulthood which leads to increased coronary heart disease. (UCEL 2003) The Inverse care law express that working class people receive poorer treatment from the health service. It stated that in poorer areas, qualified doctors are less likely to set up practices so people in lower classes are less like to receive efficient healthcare, when in fact they may be the ones that need it most imputable to bad living conditions & housing etc. The postcode lottery refers to this suggesting postcodes in richer areas tend to have much money to spend on health care than poorer areas.(DH 2011)The Acheson Report (1998) showed many similarities with the Black Report. It found that there are still inequalities in different class groups, with evidence it is still growing. The report put forrad several solutions including policies to reduce stress at work, changed access to health services for all classes, improve nutrition in schools, improved benefits and access to benefits for the most needy families. (DH 2011) In summary the evidence shows there are social class based health inequalities, however there are problems in standard class and health.The issue of social change, and delay in the onset of diseases should be taken into account when sounding at this inequality. Evidence shows life expectancy is lower in poorer, less developed countries. The Acheson Report is in depth, but prefers to advise how funds should be allocated and not what should be done to solve the problems. Some evidence for social class health inequality is more conclusive than others, howeve r social class can involve status, wealth, culture, background and employment. There is not a simple relationship between class and ill health. Everyone will experience a number of different influences on their health.