Economics of Education Essay

This project, critically reviews the sources of revenue at Kinondoni Municipal along with the budgetary allocation to secondary educational sector. It provides the major sources of revenue which include Central Government revenue, Basket fund (Donors) and Local government revenue which constitute revenue from city service levy, property tax, advertising and bill boarding fees, compensation revenue, and cost sharing. It identifies that education is the priorities to which the council does consider much in allocating their funds. The project reveals the background on the system of financing education as an essential and critical kind of investment in developing countries particularly Tanzania. It has shown its significances with respect to running the system (government) in general. The significances give the stand to which the Government should take into consideration on allocating funds in secondary educational department. More over the project has identified the objectives for analyzing the sources of revenue and educational budgetary allocation. These objectives have been stated in such a way that, it shows the directory as guidelines for reaching targeted goal(s) for sustainable development. Nevertheless, case study method and documentary review as well as interview techniques were employed. The data have been analyzed using tables and figures. 1.0. Introduction and Background. Kinondoni Municipal is located in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania. It is bordered by Indian Ocean to North East, Ilala Municipal to the South, Bagamoyo District to the North, Kibaha District to the West and Kisarawe District to the South West. The Municipal has number of matters and services to be done/ provided to the community. Among others being education, health services, road construction and maintenances, water services, urban agriculture, power and energy supply and others of alike. All these services need money to run in effective way so that, the community members could appreciate the concern of the government for their well-being. The Municipal has vision and Mission which the study was interested with, to check out whether are just worded or are real in practical terms. The study eyed particularly to its Mission statement â€Å"Provision of quality services to the community through effective and efficient use of resources, capacity building, good governance and rule of law hence improve the living standard of people†. The project (study) was done at this Municipal to identify the sources of revenue for the Municipal to curter and serve the community effectively and efficiently. Another purpose was to check out, how the Municipal allocate its funds (Revenue) to secondary educational sector. A source of revenue is a critical problem in running several activities to an individual, family, community and national level respectively. Moreover, despite the scarcity of fund (resources) in servicing the community, there is a problem on proper plans and allocating the present resources in optimal manner. Thus, the wise decisions on how to use the present resources in its scarcity is very important particularly for developing countries like Tanzania. Another aspect towards this study (project) was to determine the way the sources of revenue are collected. On this activity, it is the point at which monitoring of revenue collection should be taken into consideration for effective performance. Furthermore, this exercise needs humanitarian aspiration than personal essence so that, the fruits will be for the community as large. There are two significances of doing this project. First was to determine the sources of revenue to the Municipal in order to understand the position of Municipal and the Government in general in its strengths and weaknesses so as to address recommendations to be taken for better performance in future. Second was to assess the allocation of the funds in secondary educational sector. From this, allocation of fund will realize the choices for most of the councils in Tanzania and the way investment aspects are taken into account especially educational investment, hence improvements to be made in a long run. The objectives of this project were as follows i) To determine the sources of revenue for Kinondoni Municipal. ii) To assess the budget allocation to Secondary educational sector in Kinondoni Municipal. The project presents various literature reviews in respective to the study (project). The literature review is mostly on sources of revenue, financing systems, administration, roles of the state and recommended suggestions. Galabawa (1985, p. 1) claimed that, â€Å"Tanzania’s plan for extending educational opportunities and improving the quality of education are often hampered by the limited resources to educational industry†. This realizes that, the problem resources in provision of education in Tanzania is a problem that exists and needs a solution on how to go about in order to reduce the burden from the government to ensure more educational opportunities and improve the quality of education. More emphasis on quality of education has been described by Michaelowa. The author tried to identify the areas which need to be checked to ensure that are taken into considerations for the consequences in anyhow. The author argued that, â€Å"The number of days teachers are absent from school (ABSENCE), and teachers’ self reported job satisfaction (MOTIVATION) have significant coefficients of the expected negative and positive sign respectively† (Michaelowa, 2001, p. 1707). If the education industry is running short of resources to improve access and quality of education, and if the responsible persons needs to be motivated for effective teaching, means this industry need to be financed. The financing can be determined by number of factors as quoted from the article that, â€Å"The policies of financing education in any country reflect the country’s ideology. Although Tanzania’s education policies emphasized quality of opportunity and access, they also vary from environment prevailing at specific time† (Galabawa, 1994, p. 37) This literature review has contributed much on this project since objectives stated can be revealed particularly on sources of revenue. According to Galabawa (2007, p. 3), There are various sources of education revenue. These sources can be divided into four broad categories: Fiscal sources; ser charges including various forms of cost recovery and cost sharing; student loan when constituted as a revolving fund which generates income out of which loans are offered to students and various forms of community contributions. The fiscal sources include general taxes; earmarked taxes; taxes on With regards to education as an investment, and sources of educational revenue, the government has to play its role for sustainable development Galabawa (2007, p. 2) portrayed that, â€Å"The price of education can, therefore be influenced by the government decision which impinge on issues of supply of education services; the allocation and distribution of resources between different levels or different courses; the choice between different methods of financing education and student support or even between different methods of schooling†. Therefore, this clarifies the position of the Government in provision of education in the country to assure access and proper allocation of funds in different sectors. Property; salaries and sales; and different types of levies. For all matters being discussed concerning sources of revenue, educational revenue, budgetary allocation and the role of the government on educational investments and other sector, to have sustainable implementation of plans and to build capacity on fund management, accountability, effective audit and formula funding to generate consistent and reliable disbursements† should be taken into consideration for sustainable development. Besides literature review, case study was employed during the project. The study was done in Kinondoni Municipal. Therefore purposeful sampling technique was used. The project had two variables namely, dependent variable which is budget allocation, and independent variable which is source of revenue. With these variables the hypotheses of this project were as follows; (i) There is a significant relationship between sources of revenue and budget allocation in secondary educational sector (Alternative hypothesis). (ii) There are no basic criteria guiding for sources of revenue and budget allocation in secondary educational sector (Null hypothesis). Field visit, discussion and interview. The list of tools used to collect information and guide the field interview and discussion were documentary review and Interview. The targeted personnel were Municipal economist and district secondary educational officer; these were obtained using purposeful sampling in order to get correct information. The documentary review involved reviewing various documents concerning sources of revenue and general allocation (budget) of the fund to secondary educational sector. Also an interview was conducted in brief way with the Municipal economist and district secondary educational officer. The interview was basically on the way they get fund for running the Municipal to curter and serve the community. Moreover, the questions on what are the major criteria for allocating the fund and challenges they face on all matters concerning sources of revenue and allocation of fund in general were asked.

Against Love Essay

At the beginning of this essay Kipnis says something stands out to me. â€Å"Love is, as we know, a mysterious and controlling force. It has vast power over our thoughts and life decisions. It demands our loyalty, and we, in return freely comply† (Kipnis 749). I think this is the best way to explain love. When there is someone that you really love you do and say things that you never imagine yourself doing. I think this is the main purpose of love and what everyone should feel. Love is not something you just stumble upon I think it is something that grows on you with time. I believe that if you love someone your willing to go out of your way and do extraordinary things for this person. I do not believe it would be a random person in front of you at the supermarket that you will do those types of things for, because you need to have a deep feeling and connection to this person. In this essay something else Kipnis said stood out to me. â€Å"But passion must not be allowed to die! † (Kipnis 751). I have never been married but I have been in love before. I believe that if there is passion you should never let it die. Passion is a strong barely controllable emotion that you have for another person. It is not something that you can stop or pretend to share with someone. Love can and will make you feel as if you are nothing without your other half. You will do and say things that you feel are crazy. Today I think so many people, mostly younger, rush into marriage because they feel as if it is the only way to keep their love for each other alive. I personally believe that love is not something that can be rushed. Do not get me wrong people can be young and fall in love and get married but you have to do it for the right reasons. I myself would love to find someone to have a deep love for. Love is so hard to explain but there is a passion that you find with someone else and it is not something you can just pretend to feel. I think that if it is meant to be then everything falls into place on its own. Something that I believe personally people are doing now days is getting married and if things do not seem to work out the answer simply is divorce. The divorce rate now days is growing higher and higher. Divorce is not something that is uncommon, I hate to say it but it is something that happens every day. After a while for one reason or the other people simply want out of the marriage and want to go their separate ways. Some people go into a marriage and come out very quickly; they decide it is simply not for them. On the other hand others stay together for 10 years and more before they decided they want out of the marriage. I personally believe that it is not the world’s job to keep marriages loyal. I do not feel that today marriage is taken seriously anymore because people think that if it does not work out why try and make things better if we can simply just get a divorce. Honestly what would people do if divorce was not an option? Would people have to learn to work their problems out? Would people just have to be miserable all the time? It is something to stop and think about. I personally believe now days that people honestly do not even think before getting married they are just caught up in the moment. I would say that this essay is a polemic. Kipnis basically argues of the fact that in order to have a good relationship and love someone you have to be able to meet the requirements of mutuality, communication and advanced intimacy. These are the big issues in relationships today. More people are breaking up and getting divorces because they will not come to a simple compromise to make their relationships work. A couple should have good communication skills. You have to learn to be in everything you do together because it is not just yourself anymore. It is you and your partner the one that you love. Works Cited Kipnis, Laura. â€Å"Agaisnt Love. † McQuade, Donald and Robert Atwan. The Writer’s Presence. Boston: St. Martin’s Bedford, 2009. 748-755.

The purpose of the annual review is to reflect

The purpose of the annual review is to reflect on the past year’s endeavors, as well as to discuss and set attainable, mutually beneficial goals for the future. It should be viewed as a vehicle to share ideas and insights based on your work in the firm this past year. In your review please address the following: 1. Project Contributions: Design, Management, Client Relations, Technical, Teamwork and Profitability. I had been requested to work on a project in New Jersey, which required the renovation of the Korea Telecom office building.However, we could not accept their request due to our firm’s workload at that time. I have been making efforts at being a reliable team member by contributing my skills and knowledge in Auto CAD and other 3d program techniques to the current project and developing rapport among the team members. 2. Firm-wide Contributions: Leadership within firm, promoting firm to others, and business development. I have promoted the firm to potential inte rnational project partners and clients by giving out the firm’s brochures and my business cards to well-known and distinguished architectural firms in Korea.3. Growth: State how these contributions demonstrate growth from previous years’ performance. Even though I’ve had architecture practical experience for over 6 years in Korea, I started all over again in this firm in New York after finishing Graduate School last May 2006. 4. Improvements: How might improvements have been made – either in your performance or by the firm? When I first started working for the firm, I was confused with architectural unit and architectural drawings in terms of architectural drawing standard differentiations, which are different from the methods I was used to back in Korea.However, I got rid of those difficulties by understanding practical knowledge and learning U. S. standard architectural drawing. Now, I’m working on a construction document for the Chapin school pr oject team. 5. Goals: State your goals for next year. I definitely would like to become a more reliable and dynamic member of the architecture staff for this firm by improving my skills in practical drawing and creative drawing. I also hope to contribute to the success of this firm in becoming an internationally well-known design firm through my efforts in procuring international projects and/or partnership.

Seventeenth of October in Argentina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seventeenth of October in Argentina - Essay Example According to Foss (33), an earthquake damaged a greater part of San Juan’s city of Andrean. More than seven thousand individuals perished and more than twelve thousand others injured. Using his secretariat of labor & social welfare, Peron managed to organize a countrywide assistance for the victims and managed to resources through well-known leading celebrities. Eva Duarte was in the midst of them and helped to mobilize resources to help the needy.Lewis (485) also said, a great party at Luna Park held with the intention of helping the victims of earthquake on January 22. It is at the event that Eva Duarte and Colonel Peron began an association, publicly confirmed; at a social event at colon opera house on July 9, to make merry of the independence day of Argentina. A few days followed and General Farrell assumed presidency on March 11 when Ramirez resigned. At this point Peron became the vice-president as he retained his title of being the departmental head of the secretariat o f labor & social welfare coupled with the recent job he had got as the minister of war. According to Martinez (379), Peron had become a respectable individual in the new military government, although it was the most exasperating as far as the opposition was concerned. Eva’s existence and the position that Peron had given her presented another intention; this time his personal equals would make an attempt at it. If Peron was aggressive, the woman at his part even more aggressive.She had made her mind to stand besides her man and not behind him.

The Impact of Online Selling on Small Businesses Essay - 1

The Impact of Online Selling on Small Businesses - Essay Example The paper tells that selling products on the Internet is just another method, in fact, one of the most modern means through which an entrepreneur can utilize the facilities of the Internet in his business. Apart from using it as a selling tool, the wide range of capabilities of the Internet can be made use of customer support, marketing, recruitment, procurement, communication, and for many other functions. Indeed, today there is hardly any business activity in this modern world that does not pass across the Internet. In the opinion of Adam, the most exciting function of the Internet these days is E-commerce and Online selling, where the provider uses the Internet as an intermediary to sell his products and services directly to the consumers in the global market. Online selling is expected to have a greater boom in the global village as the responsive audience is growing by millions every year. It is the process whereby customers are facilitated with the technology to directly buy go ods and services from a seller in real-time, over the internet without any intermediary service in between. While considering the benefits of online selling many seem to disagree that online shopping will affect the percentage of retail sales in the future, arguing that only a small percentage of online selling will only obscure the market potentials. However, as Adam points out, concentrating on this idea a little deeper reveals that even if the Internet sales constitute only 5 percent of total retail within a few years, that still amounts billions and billions of dollars spent on online selling. As more and more organizations and customers are making the use of the internet to collect information before they make the final decision and to purchase online, it is certain that all business firms must have a web presence. Leaving the online selling, if the firm is not existing on the Internet, it does not exist. Another advantage of the small business that uses online marketing is tha t they have the ability to sell a wide variety of products due to â€Å"infinite shelf space†. Afuah also comments that online stores can easily make a higher proportion of their income out of the low-volume items rather than traditional stores, a trend called as the long tail effect. It makes possible for the firm to reach new markets and new customers. On the other hand, buyers can search for information to decide their final purchase and compare the products to see which offer sounds adequate to him/her. Small business organizations, especially in the developing countries have the advantage of diminishing the costs of a search for information as well as costs of the transaction. It broadens the effectiveness of transactions by reducing the time taken for processing, payments and other functions. As Gingrich points out, a small business is highly benefited by information provided about customers and markets together with the valuable details of product design, financial res ources, and process technology. The widespread use of internet and its functions have changed the way the customers as well as the firms acquire information and operate their business.

Marketing 4050 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing 4050 - Assignment Example Commentary feature focuses on minor issues in the country while the Briefing feature deals with the social life style of the citizens. The Culture feature in the magazine is business oriented. The leading article in the magazine clearly related to the ad on the front page. The article reads â€Å"Can this man save Europe? â€Å" The cover page has the picture of Italy’s Mario Monti who is the Prime Minister. He has a difficult task for stopping the European crisis as the continent is in heavy debts. The Time Magazine faces stiff completion from other types of magazine that tend to offer the same type of information. It faces stiff competition from New York Magazine and The Monthly Issue Washington DC. This is a good investment as information is process daily. To be able to make good sales by conveying this information through magazines, one has to have a high-quality and attractive ad . This will lure the readers into reading thereby making

Redbull case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Redbull case study - Essay Example Red Bull overall marketing strategy is a combination of both global and local strategies. Red Bull has devised a unique, innovative, viral marketing strategy which mainly targets consumers in need of energy boost, especially young adults, club-goers, college and university students and young urban professionals (Kotabe & Helsen, 2014). This local strategy has seen growth of sales locally in countries where it operates. On the other hand, the company has expanded its distribution channels in various countries all over the globe using a strategy that is in no way related to traditional marketing strategies. In the process of international market selection, demographic segmentation criteria would be most relevant segmentation criteria. Having devised this approach in its market orientation, where its target group was those consumers who are in need of energy boost, especially the young people, this would also work in the process of international market selection. Putting into consideration demographic characteristics such as age, lifestyle, income, occupation, sex, education and nationality would help Red Bull select the best international target markets segments whose buying behavior are known. This criterion is most relevant to have Red Bull enjoyed in the right context- where there is need for energy boost rather than just selling a beverage (Kotabe & Helsen, 2014). The launch of Red Bull Cola and Red Bull Shots was a wise idea by the company. Red Bull had specialized in only one brand, which was energy drinks and was available in two flavor varieties. This move was a major brand extension aimed at tapping new markets that were untapped. This move would see expansion of its operations and revenues. The launch of the new brand the Red Bull Cola and Red Bull shots in many markets at the same time saw Red Bull survive stiff completion on some markets like North America (Kotabe & Helsen, 2014). Target of one segment of the market would risk eviction by other

Feasability Study Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Feasability Study Report - Assignment Example Growing Business and Entrepreneurs (2008) suggests that India along with five countries account for nearly half the GDP of total world as measured in PPP. More than half of the world’s total population lives in just two countries of the world –India and China. Moreover these are the developing countries of the world which offer higher growth rate as compared to the already developed markets; and the economically developed countries like US and Germany are facing greater heat of recession with surging economic crises. Therefore the investment can be in either of India and China finally. There are a few points, however, that work in favor of India as compared to China which are as follows:- 1. Most of the people in India are well versed with English. So there will be no communication gap while working with the people of India which may not be the case in China. 2. Indian economy is more or less insulated with the global economy so the repercussions of the global meltdown will be minimized. 3. Chinese population has a higher ratio of old people whereas Singhal (2006) suggests that in India more than half of total population is below 25 years of age. Target consumer for the restaurants generally being young and dynamic, India offers better market penetration. 4. China has a poor record on human rights. 5. India has a closer association with the British culture than China.... Globalization has entered India in the year 1992. With the emergence of globalization, the GDP of the country has grown many folds in just a few years. Most of the major brands started outsourcing their work to India owning to the younger population of the country and the difference in the cost. With number of companies operating from India, the spending capacity of the youth has increased many folds. There is a close association of the country with British culture as the English have ruled the country as recently as 1947 A.D. which will definitely be suited to an Englishman. Moreover India generally offering outsourcing to western nations has westernized a lot in the last five years and most of the youth have started preferring Western meals to the traditional Indian spicy food. Owing to the sudden surge in the spending capacity and the latest trends of westernization offer a huge potential of growth to any authentic British restaurant. 'The Diner's Park', an authentic British restaurant, can therefore be finalized to start in Pune, the city having highest number of youths in the country. Moreover, the city has largest number of IT companies, 212 registered IT companies in 2007 as per the data reported by India Design Festivals (2009), in India. Come to the Diners Park and Feel the difference!! British Dining at its Best... The current supply side:- Most of the Indians quite like the Western culture as represented in the modern day trends in India. Currently there is a dearth of an authentic British restaurant in the city and the young crowd of India is food savvy. This is quite apparent from their behavior where they are

Effects of Consuming Ethanol on Body Temperature Research Paper

Effects of Consuming Ethanol on Body Temperature - Research Paper Example The methodology to be used is controlled experimentation on animals such as rats where they will be subjected to a small amount of ethanol and tests conducted to determine the changes in body temperature. The discussion over the results and the effects of ethanol from the experiment will come up followed by the final results and the conclusion. The effects of Ethanol on Body temperature Introduction Ethanol is a psychoactive drug that has been used as a recreational drug for a very long time in the history of man. It is a volatile and flammable colorless liquid that is the basic component of spirits and alcoholic drinks that people consume. Ethanol causes intoxication when consumed and is commonly referred to as alcohol, pure alcohol, spirit or drinking alcohol. Its scientific formula is CH3CH2OH, usually abbreviated as C2H3OH or simply C2H6O (Ligon, 2001). Apart from being used as a recreational drug, ethanol is also used as a solvent in thermometers as well as being used as fuel. I t is also used for medical purposes as an antiseptic and as treatment for poisoning from other types of alcohol (Ligon, 2001). Consumption of ethanol has a wide range of effects on the human body. Ethanol I s regarded as a depressant of the Central Nervous System and has a wide range of side effects on the individual consuming alcohol (Ligon, 2001). Some of the effects are short term while others are long term effects. Once the alcohol is in the body, it can easily diffuse to almost all biological tissues because the cell membranes are highly permeable to ethanol (Grant, and Macdonald, 2005). Alcohol is also highly addictive. This essay will seek to study the effect that alcohol or ethanol has on body temperature, following its use in rescue missions by the St. Bernard’s dogs in cold mountains. Methods To investigate the effect of ethanol on body temperature, it is important to conduct experiments in order to scientifically understand the consequences of alcohol a good experi ment can be conducted using animals such as rats. First fix thermistors in the colons of the rats to determine their body temperature once they are stabilized. Use about 2.0 grams per kilogram or 4.0 grams per kilogram of ethanol for the experiment. Give the animals a constant dosage of 20% ethanol concentration. The concentration can also be determined by comparing it to the weight of the animals. Expose the animals to different temperatures both below and above the room temperature that was used for the experiment. Discussion When of ethanol is consumed, about 20% of it goes in to the stomach, while the other 80% is usually absorbed in the small intestines (Chastain, 2006). The alcohol first has an illusory effect on the body where one thinks that their body is warm immediately after consuming alcohol. This is because the flow of blood in the body creates some warmth on the skin and on the nerve endings. The sensory nerves then convey messages of warmth to the brain. Alcohol produ ces dilatation or relaxation of blood vessels that ramify through an individual’s skin. The dilation occurs as a result of the alcohol causing slight paralysis of the nerves that control the size of blood vessels (Grant, and Macdonald, 2005). This makes the blood vessels to distend a little bit. As a result of this, the body temperature goes down. As a result, more blood will reach the body surface thus radiating or conducting more heat away. Results After the experiment, it was discovered that alcohol acts like any

Industrialization in the 1800's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industrialization in the 1800's - Essay Example Though the Industrial Revolution inflicted hardships on people, altering their way of life and even endangering their health, the people of industrialized countries eventually found increased quality of life through affordable access to products around them. The initial parts of industrialization were negative for those who worked in the up and coming factories. The working conditions were dangerous for everyone, especially newfound nimble-fingered workers, children and women. This was the start of child labor; in addition women had to work outside of home, and after a long shift at the factory were still expected at home to take care of the children, cook, and clean the house. The traditional idea of women staying home and taking care of the house changed, because they needed to go out and be part of life outside of family. This changed the social idea of women staying home and taking care of their children. Although some families were able to maintain traditional family roles, most people during this period could not successfully sustain a family if only the men were working outside of home. Along with this, family dynamics changed all around; the things people had valued in family went through a great change. Prior to industrializatio n, families would always work together. The women and daughters would be in the house cooking and cleaning and the boys would learn to follow their fathers in work. Farmers, for example, would spend all their time together because the family would be home all day and spend a lot of time together. Later in life, sons would take over the family land and raise their families there, keeping the family name on the land.

Management Concepts Temasek Holdings Essay Example for Free

Management Concepts Temasek Holdings Essay 1.0 Introduction Temasek Holdings is a large investment company based in Singapore. It is an active participator in the investment game, holding shares and investments in a broad range of industries all over the world. As with many companies all over the world, Temasek Holdings was affected strongly by the Global Financial Crisis, losing more than 30 per cent of the value of their portfolio (Schmermerhorn, J. Davidson, P. Poole, D. Simon, A. Woods, P Chau, S.L. 2011). Temasek’s CEO Ho Ching has been criticised for the investment losses that occurred during the economic crisis, and must now lead the company through the increased turbulence that has been presented to them. In doing so, a potential issue that Temasek Holdings is currently facing is one of leadership. If correct management processes regarding leadership are not applied, the company could face even worse consequences. To ensure that leadership does not become an issue, Ho Ching must apply effective leadership techniques to Temasek Holdings. This report will investigate various leadership options, determining an adequate approach to leadership that will assist this company in being successful in the future. Two leadership models will be assessed in-depth. It is expected that both will assist the company in continuing in the long-term, however one option will be more suitable and beneficial to Temasek Holdings. 2.0 Literature Themes or Arguments As Temasek’s CEO has recently come under fire for her stability in leadership, it is apparent that a change must be made in the way the company is managed if they are to successfully remain with the same CEO. Leadership is fundamental in regular circumstances, but it is even more essential to the business through periods of instability, making it vitally important to the livelihood of the company to apply appropriate management procedures. It is impossible for a set of specific characteristics to define whether or not someone is a good leader, however some certain personal traits have been identified as being common among successful leaders: drive, self-confidence, creativity, cognitive ability, business knowledge, motivation, flexibility, honesty and integrity. (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). Vision and power are also vital to good leadership; however all of these things are not achieved in the same way. Many different behavioural theories have been produced in an attempt to define good leadership styles. A widely used model of management is Fred Fiedler’s contingency model. Fiedler’s theory looks at matching various types of people to various situations, somewhat of an either/or concept. It is based on the fact that someone’s style of leadership is personality-based, thus making it difficult to change. Rather, the Fiedler model suggests putting people of specific leadership styles with situations that match that style, rather than trying to change their personal leadership style, to achieve success (Wang, Victor C X; Berger, Jim 2010, pg. 6). Fiedler classifies people into two leadership styles: relations-orientated and task-orientated. Relations-orientated people are defined as â€Å"a person who is motivated to seek prominence in interpersonal relations, who is concerned with good relations with others, who is considerate in his interaction with group members, and who tends to reduce anxiety and increase the personal adjustment of his co-workers,† (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 34) whereas a task-orientated person is characterised to be someone who â€Å"rejects those with whom he cannot work, and obtains need gratification and self-esteem from performance of the task. He is, therefore, concerned with performing the task and he is willing to relegate interpersonal relations to a secondary position† (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 35) Exhibit I (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 36) above shows how relations-oriented and task-oriented people are determined, through leader-member relationships, leader position power and task structure. It does this by determining how well a person interacts with people (relations) and how dedicated they are to tasks. According to Hill (1969), this model is effective and further tests done corroborate with Fiedler’s findings, making it an accurate model. Hill noted that there are so many variables that sometimes it is difficult to calculate the exact leadership style that is appropriate for someone; however it is useful as it helps to assign leaders to specific tasks and delegate how efficient leadership should be achieved. In regards to Temasek, it should be established what â€Å"type† of leader Ching is, and the company would need to work with that before any leadership goals should be established. Another common model is the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory (SLT). It is widely used in the business sector and was developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard. This model is based upon leaders adjusting their styles based on the maturity of their followers, which is indicated by the â€Å"readiness† (how able and willing or confident) of followers (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). When maturity (psychologically and performance-wise) is reached, it means a reduction in support and guidance can occur, instilling a positive indication of trust and confidence. A manager must look at employees and evaluate how best to perform a certain task in a certain situation, and when the situation changes, the leadership style previously used may not be as successful in the new situation (Hambleton, Ronald K; Gumpert, Ray. 1982, pg 227). Again, leadership styles are defined as relationship-orientated and task-orientated, however in this model leadership styles are classified into four groups: delegating, participating, selling and telling. This model is beneficial to companies as it has various different types of stages based on top of the classification of relations-orientated and task-orientated leadership (Figure 1). It breaks down the two types further, into the four types above, thus making it easier to classify. Again, however, variables come into play, and it can be seen from various research that the SLT model does have its limitations. Goodson (1989) states that when further studies have been conducted on this model, the main classifier of groups (â€Å"maturity† or competence) makes almost no difference to the leadership style of a person (Goodson, Jane R; McGee, Gail W; Cashman, James F. 1989, pg. 446). Also, Goodson established that in these tests no actual measure of maturity and/or readiness was really possible when conducting research on the SLT model, making it difficult to say for certain whether the model can be effective. Furthermore, Blank (1990) makes further reference to the fact that there is little to no research supporting this model in his studies, saying that both basing the research on the main factor (maturity) as well as more complex methods, little support was found to corroborate with the main theorems of the model (Blank, Warren; Weitzel, John R; Green, Stephen G. 1990, pg. 579). false 3.0 Recommendations In the case of Temasek Holdings, it can be said that adopting a new leadership approach will be entirely beneficial for the company. No information is given as to what current leadership styles are used, but the amount of criticism being received currently illustrates that a change is needed. Of the two leadership theories discussed, it can be said that both have negative and positive points, as with any business directive. Fiedler’s model uses three determining factors: leader-member relationships, leader position power and task structure, to determine how a leadership style will work effectively. This is essentially beneficial to a business as it allows more than one factor to determine a leadership style, giving a more accurate description of what leadership style will fit a situation. This model was also corroborated with research conducted by Hill (1969) who conducted a study that demonstrated that Fiedler’s was almost always effective in the workplace. However, there were limitations in regards to variables. As every person is so different personality-wise there is a large number of variables, not all of which can be categorised. Because of this, some variables may be missed or excluded, but overall the final result does not change, making the model very effective. The second theory, Hersey-Blanchard’s SLT, uses maturity as the basis of calculating how a leadership style will be effective. This could be effective to some extent, however both Goodson (1989) and Blank (1990) argue that just one determining factor is not enough to warrant an effective model. The model is beneficial as it breaks down leadership styles into four obvious categories; the problem is determining which personality fits into these categories. No clear measure of maturity is possible, making it difficult to categorise leadership styles. Goodson (1989) also states that maturity and competence has no real effect on leadership styles. Looking at these results, it can be recommended that for Temasek Holdings to continue operating at a high level, the Fiedler model of contingency should be used as a model for assigning leadership tasks. Giving every leader in a business tasks based on their personality is advantageous as it means instead of the person working with something they are not specifically styled for, they are able to be fit with tasks that suit them. Overall, this will make a significant change both in employee satisfaction (workers are doing jobs that suit their personality style, thus making them more content) as well as production, as the leadership style they are assigned will work well for them. Models by Hill (1969) are further evidence that this model does indeed work, and that it can bring positive effects to Temasek in the future. If Temasek Holdings chooses to operate within this leadership model, criticism for the way the business is run will be lessened. Both in the short and long term this form of leadership will be beneficial to the company, affecting both large positions (for example, the CEO Ho Ching) as well as smaller managers within the company. The research shows that this is the best model for Temasek to use to bring it the most success in the future.

The Presence of Self-Hatred Essay Example for Free

The Presence of Self-Hatred Essay Racial discrimination has always been one problem that is experienced on a global scale. Although Barrack Obama has won the presidential election in the United States of America, there are still debates concerning the United States and the issue about the blacks vs. the whites. History and literature are two important branches of knowledge that can attest to the racial discrimination that the blacks have always experienced. In fact, even the media has taken up the fact that even though black is beauty, white is even more beautiful—the mountains of bleaching and whitening products available in the market can attest to that. Moreover, while Snow White is loved by many, Princess Jasmine (of Aladdin) is not exactly that famous compared to her blue-eyed counter parts. It has been ingrained in so many people, most especially to that of the younger generation, that it is so bad to be black; or rather, it is so ugly to be black. Fairy tales tell us of the big, bad, black wolf. Hoodlums and villains in movies are most often the darker ones and those that have the fairer skins are hailed as the hero or heroine of the movie. The characters present in the novel written by Toni Morrison are not exempted to this belief. Although the novel provides some of the more domesticated problems that are somehow always present in the dramatic works of literature (like Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment or Franks McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes) and movies (Julia Roberts’ battered character in Sleeping With The Enemy or Jennifer Lopez’s role in Enough), the most apparent subject in the novel is the obvious contempt for the characters’ skin colors and their undeniable desire to change who they are and what they have. The novel features Pecola Breedlove, a young, naive, black girl who hates her color and herself for belonging to her race. She believes herself as very ugly and assumes that having blue eyes will be the only thing that will make her beautiful and likable. The novel centers on Pecola and her relationship with her family as they face the demon in their lives and get lost in their own personal problems and issues. The novel starts with a narrator already telling the resolution of the novel and uses a flashback to recount the events in the part of the novel’s Prologue: Our innocence and faith were no more productive than his lust or despair. What is clear now is that of all of that hope, fear, lust, love, and grief, nothing remains but Pecola and the unyielding earth. Cholly Breedlove is dead; our innocence too. The seeds shriveled and died; her baby too. (Morrison 9-10) The narrator is none other than one of the MacTeer sisters, Claudia herself, who Pecola stays with (ordered by Court officials) after Pecola’s father burns down their house and leaves the Breedlove family homeless. Pecola, Claudia, and Frieda (another of the MacTeer daughters and Claudia’s sister) soon become friends, and the MacTeer sisters find that it is their duty to protect Pecola who seems to be bullied by everyone in their town. Because of the apparent treatment of the people in their neighborhood (with the exception of the MacTeer sisters), Pecola develops this belief that the only solution for people to love her and actually be pleased with her is if she acquires â€Å"blue eyes†: It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sightsif those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different. Her teeth were good, and at least her nose was not big and flat like some of those who were thought so cute. If she looked different, beautiful, maybe Cholly would be different, and Mrs. Breedlove too. Maybe theyd say, â€Å"Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustnt do bad things in front of those pretty eyes. † Each night, without fail, she prayed for blue eyes. Fervently, for a year she had prayed. Although somewhat discouraged, she was not without hope. To have something as wonderful as that happen would take a long, long time. (Morrison 25-26) The novel turns for the worst as Pecola returns to her family, and each family member is revealed as having his or her own issues with who he or she is and coming to grips with his or her personal history. Cholly Breedlove is the man of the house and the father of Pecola—he is lazy, does not work, and is occupied with only two things—getting drunk and beating up his wife, Pauline. Cholly’s drinking can be explained with the fact that he suffered from an earlier humiliation caused by two white hunters who forced him to make love to his first girlfriend Darlene as the two hunters watched the scene. Later, he gets Pauline Williams (another girlfriend and the mother of Pecola) pregnant; they marry and eventually become Mr. and Mrs. Breedlove. Soon, problems arise as they find each other very disagreeable; while the husband gets drunk and beats the wife, the wife lets the husband beat her because she feels like a â€Å"martyr† by letting him do so (Morrison 23). Through the philosophical theory of existentialism, the situation of the drunken husband and the battered, martyred wife can be explained by the fact that they feed on each other’s existence and role so that they can play out their own role. To put it simply, the husband exists to beat the wife, and the wife exists to get beaten. Without the other’s personal issues and problems, none of the intricate themes of the novel will be present and have meaning. Meanwhile, Pauline Breedlove works as a servant in a white’s family’s house and by doing so, creates an illusion or a fantasy that being close to them (proximity-wise) makes her beautiful. Pauline, like her daughter Pecola, believes in her ugliness to be very appalling and horrifying. She runs away from reality and gets lost in the world of romantic television shows. Of all the characters in the novel, it is Pauline’s and Pecola’s evident low self-esteem that makes them â€Å"unique† (Morrison 22). Self-denial is so strong in the novel that it borders on hating themselves so much that they believe in the fantastical (to point of being ridiculous) ideas that if something in them changes, then they can be beautiful, the world will love them, and their lives will be better. However, their notion of ugliness can be traced to the fact that they are black, and the world jeers at them and judges them as ugly because they are black: The master had said, â€Å"You are ugly people. † They had looked about themselves and saw nothing to contradict the statement; saw, in fact, support for it leaning at them from every billboard, every movie, every glance. â€Å"Yes,† they had said. â€Å"You are right. † And they took the ugliness in their hands, threw it as a mantle over them, and went about the world with it. (Morrison 21) The excerpt above proves that because the world considers them as ugly, then they believe themselves to be ugly. The Breedloves saw around them that belonging to such race is awful. This can be traced of course to the fact that when the novel was first published in 1970, the concept of racism was still very much present. Unfortunately, hating one’s own race and skin color is disaster itself since that would mean hating the entirety of one’s being—to be appalled at one’s actions or attitude is very different from hating one’s self because of what or who he or she is. Nevertheless, one important passage can disregard or negate the argument of the assumption above: You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source. Then you realized that it came from conviction, their conviction. It was as though some mysterious all-knowing master had given each one a cloak of ugliness to wear, and they had each accepted it without question. (Morrison 22) Do the Breedloves hate themselves because they believe the world thinks they are ugly, or do they hate themselves because they believe they are ugly, thus, the world believes so too? It can be likened to a rhetorical question of who came first, the chicken or the egg (and like all rhetorical questions, they are not really meant to be answered)? It is quite sad to think that the characters have decided that they are ugly; for it means they are already determined to be ugly and no matter what other people would say and argue, they would never waver from that conclusion. As a result, because of their decision, they denied themselves of being themselves. The novel ends in much melancholic tragedy for all the characters—Cholly rapes Pecola and gets her pregnant, but eventually, the baby dies and so does Cholly; the MacTeer sisters lose their innocence; Sammy (the brother of Pecola) runs away, and the marigolds refuse to grow in their community. Most of all, however, Pecola thinks she has the bluest eyes, â€Å"My eyes. My blue eyes. Let me look again. See how pretty they are. Yes. They get prettier each time I look at them. They are the prettiest Ive ever seen. † (Morrison 79) It is such a tragedy for Pecola because for her to believe that she indeed has blue eyes is the realization that self-hatred has won. Work Cited Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Penguin Groups, 1994.

Doris dorie miller

Doris dorie miller Not much people know about the name Doris â€Å"Dorie† Miller when you ask them. However he was listed as one of the bravest man doing the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was the first African American to be awarded the Navy Cross award, and it was the third highest honor awarded by the US Navy at the time. Who is Doris Miller? Miller was born October 12, 1919 in Waco, Texas to Henrietta and Connery Miller. Being the third of four sons, he grows up in a strong loving household. As a child he often helps around the house, cooking meals and doing laundry, as well as working the fields. He went to high school at Wacos A.J. Moore High School. There he was a good student and a fullback on the football team, they called him the â€Å"Raging Bull† because of his size which was five foot nine and was over two hundred Ibs. He worked on his father farm until the age nineteen. He then when to Dallas to enlist in the US Navy as Mess Attendant, Third Class in September 1939, in which was the only military job classification officially open to African Americans during the time. He had enlisted to travel, and earn money for his family. Miller was trained at the Naval Training Station in Norfolk, Virginia. He was later assigned to the ammunition ship USS Pyro where he served as a Mess Attendant. Then later he was t ransferred to the USS West Virginia. There he became the ships heavyweight boxing champion. Why is Doris Miller Famous? Doris Miller is famous cause of is braver during the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was a cook on board of a ship during the attack on Pearl Harbor. When the attack began he help carry wounded sailors to safer sections of the ship and help carried the ships wounded captain, Mervyn Bennion, off the bridge. He then manned a 50-caliber anti-aircraft machine gun on deck of the ship. He had never been trained to fire the gun at the time. However it was said he shot down as many as six planes before being ordered to abandon ship. A week after Pearl Harbor he was transferred to the USS Enterprise where Commander in Chief Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, pinned the Navys highest award for valor, the Navy Cross on is chest at the age 22. He was the first African American to receive this award. What Happen During the Attack? Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941 Miller was on deck collecting laundry at 7:55 a.m. Most of the other ship crew were either sleeping or spending the weekend ashore. On Sunday morning no one had expected the attacks. When the alarm for the general quarters sounded, Miller ran to his battle station but a torpedo had damage it already. He then was knocked down by an explosions but scrambled back to his feet to see many sailors was wounded by the explosions. He then tries to carry out the wounded sailors to a safer part of the boat. There where he saw the wounded captain and then carried him off the bridge. He then manned a 50-caliber anti-aircraft machine gun on the deck and began to shot down the Japanese aircraft. How Did Miller Die? Miller was aboard the Liscome Bay were they was called on to assist the flight crews who were preparing the planes for launching at dawn. There when no warning a Japanese submarine shot a torpedo and struck the carrier. The entire interior of the ship burst into flames. Within minutes the ship sank, taking down the captain, 53 other officers, and 591 crewmen. Only 272 men were rescued a Dorie Miller was not among them. Dorie Millers parents were later notified that their son was missing in action. The following year, on November 25, 1944, he and the other missing crew member were officially presumed dead. The carrier he was on received one battle star for its service in WW II. Where Are Millers Memorials? Dorie Miller has lots of memorial like the USS Miller a Knox- class frigate was commissioned in his honor. Also the Doris Miller Foundation was founded to give an annual award to the individual or group considered outstanding in the field of race relations. There is a lot more like the Doris Miller Drive, Doris Miller Center, Dorie Miller Houses, Dorie Miller Housing Project, the Dorie and Doris Miller Elementary School, the Doris Miller YMCA, The Doris Miller Park, The Doris Miller Community Center, and must more. Notes Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. IV. Navy Department, 1969. Richardson, Ben. Great American Negroes, Crowell, 1956. Http://www.history.navy.mil/fags/fag57-4.htm â€Å"Mess Attendant Doris Miller.htm.† Medal of Honor.com USS West Virginia Action Report mentioning Miller http://www.answers.com/topic/doris-miller Bibliography Extracts from USS West Virginias 11 December 1941 Action Report, Relating to Doris Miller during the Pearl Harbor Attack African American in the U.S. Navy: A Bibliography The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 National Archives: War in the Pacific: Mess Attendant First Class Doris Miller

The Roaring Twenties :: American America History

The Roaring Twenties Americans, in the years following the end of World War I found themselves in an era, where the people simply wished to detach themselves from the troubles of Europeans and the rest of the world. During the years of the Twenties, the economy was prosperous, there was widespread social reform, new aspects of culture were established, and people found better ways to improve their lifestyle and enjoy life. The 1920's exemplified the changing attitudes of American's toward foreign relations, society, and leisure activities. Following the end of World War I, many Americans demanded that the United States stay out of European affairs in the future. The United States Senate even refused to accept the Treaty of Versailles which officially ended World War I and provided for the establishment of the League of Nations. The Senate chose to refuse the Treaty in the fear that it could result in the involvement of the United States in future European wars. Americans simply did not wish to deal with, nor tolerate the problems of Europe and abroad. There were many problems running rampant throughout the country following the conclusion of the war. One of the greatest problems which arose was the Red Scare which was seen as an international communist conspiracy that was blamed for various protest movements and union activities in 1919 and 1920. The Red Scare was touched off by a national distrust of foreigners. Many Americas also kept a close eye on the increasing activities of the Klu Klux Klan who were terrorizing foreigners, blacks, Jews and Roman Catholics. Once Americans put the war behind them, they were able to forget the problems of European affairs, and focus on the country, their town, and themselves. Americans found themselves in a period of reform, both socially and culturally. Many feared that morality had crumbled completely. Before World War I, women wore their hair long, had ankle length dresses, and long cotton stockings. In the twenties, they wore short, tight dresses, and rolled their silk stockings down to their knees. They wore flashy lipstick and other cosmetics. Eventually, women were even granted the right to vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment. It was up to this time period that women were not seen as an important aspect in American society. As if rebelling from the previous position of practically non-existence, women changed their clothing, their fashion, and even cut their hair shorter into bobs which were very similar to the style of men.

encryption :: essays research papers

Traditional cryptography is based on the sender and receiver of a message knowing and using the same secret key: the sender uses the secret key to encrypt the message, and the receiver uses the same secret key to decrypt the message. This method is known as secret-key cryptography. The main problem is getting the sender and receiver to agree on the secret key without anyone else finding out. If they are in separate physical locations, they must trust a courier, or a phone system, or some other transmission system to not disclose the secret key being communicated. Anyone who overhears or intercepts the key in transit can later read all messages encrypted using that key. The generation, transmission and storage of keys is called key management; all cryptosystems must deal with key management issues. Secret-key cryptography often has difficulty providing secure key management. Public-key cryptography was invented in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in order to solve the key management problem. In the new system, each person gets a pair of keys, called the public key and the private key. Each person's public key is published while the private key is kept secret. The need for sender and receiver to share secret information is eliminated: all communications involve only public keys, and no private key is ever transmitted or shared. No longer is it necessary to trust some communications channel to be secure against eavesdropping or betrayal. Anyone can send a confidential message just using public information, but it can only be decrypted with a private key that is in the sole possession of the intended recipient. Furthermore, public-key cryptography can be used for authentication (digital signatures) as well as for privacy (encryption). Here's how it works for encryption: when Alice wishes to send a message to Bob, she looks up Bob's public key in a directory, uses it to encrypt the message and sends it off. Bob then uses his private key to decrypt the message and read it. No one listening in can decrypt the message. Anyone can send an encrypted message to Bob but only Bob can read it. Clearly, one requirement is that no one can figure out the private key from the corresponding public key. Here's how it works for authentication: Alice, to sign a message, does a computation involving both her private key and the message itself; the output is called the digital signature and is attached to the message, which is then sent.

The Dramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeare

The Dramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing Act 4 in the romantic comedy 'Much ado about nothing' is of great dramatic significance to the whole play, as it is in Scene 1 where Shakespeare brings out the different sides of the characters to illustrate the complexities of love and relationships. Act 4 Scene 1 is clustered with different incidents and in this essay, I will go through each event and describe its importance to the play as a whole. I will do this by showing how (with the use of language) Shakespeare expresses the feelings of his characters and uses theatrical stage actions to emphasize their emotions. The Scene begins with Claudio's accusation of Hero, who so far, throughout the play has been seen as an honest and honourable woman. However Claudio accuses Hero that she is not what he thought of her 'But you are more intemperate in your blood, Than Venus or those pampered animals that rage in savage sensuality. This is shocking and Shakespeare prepares its audience for a scene which represents a turning point for his characters lives through these remarkable personality changes, as Claudio has never acted like that towards Hero earlier in the play. However Claudia's is a gullible and innocent character. A reason for this previously in the play, Claudio is mislead by Don John. Don John tells him and swears that Don Pedro has enticed Hero, not for Claudia but himself: "à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I heard him swear his affection..." Borachio who had heard Don Pedro whilst he was smoking in the "à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦musty rooms..." also backs Don Pedro: ""à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦So did I, too, and he swore he would marry her tonigh... ... how they are both capable of love but were afraid of expressing their emotions. Since this play is a romantic comedy, Shakespeare is demonstrating how there are ups and downs in relationships and Act 1 Scene 4 is the dramatic scene where Don John's plot is successful and the lover's companionship has been broken. However, Shakespeare uses Beatrice and Benedick characters as a contrast to Claudio and Hero in the scene to make the audience optimistic about personal relationships. Their open admission to the love they share shows how they were hiding behind a mask of aloofness and wit before. In conclusion, this scene is extremely significant to the play as a whole as it is a turning point for the characters and Shakespeare adopts vivid use of language and imagery to emphasize the comedy behind romantic relationships.

Xacc 280 Final

Financial Analysis Coca-Cola and PepsiCo XACC/280 Financial Analysis An official financial analysis for a specific company needs two years of financial data from the company and from a competitor in the same industry. This financial analysis is between PepsiCo, Inc. and Coca-Cola. Pepsi and Coca-Cola dominate the beverage market worldwide. In addition to sodas, they also distribute a variety of water and energy drinks. Based on the analysis, the investor will be able to make a better investment choice. Liquidity, solvency, and profitability are the three characteristics that will be used to see a company’s success.A simple financial statement will not demonstrate the company’s power because it is a general idea of the company’s position and does not display business developments. The company’s business developments are vital for potential investors because they determine vertical and horizontal analysis. These characteristics are also used to define the ra tio analysis. Ratio analysis is dividing two numbers to get a number of percentages that can be used to compare companies in the same industry. Examining the entire company’s financial trends for a set period of time, an investor will see a factual description of the company’s financial condition.This is the financial analysis an investor desires to review prior to spending money. Liquidity measures a company’s ability to pay their debts when they are due. It is identified as a ratio or percentage of the current liabilities and calculated by dividing the current cash by the current liabilities. It is a fast way to understand if the company’s future is appealing to the investor. If the company is not turning a profit quick enough, it may be a sign of liquidity problems. This is the primary reason why an investor should compare two competitors while looking at the liquidity ratio.To define the current liquidity we use the formula: current ratio = current as sets divided by current liabilities. The most vital measure of this situation is that the right information is used from the balance sheet. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Liquidity Ratio: 2005 Current Ration = $10,454 (current assets) divided by $9. 406 (liabilities)=1. 11% 2004 Current Ration = $8,639 (current assets) divided by $6,752 (liabilities) =1. 28% Coca-Cola Liquidity Ratio: 2005 Current Ratio= $10,250 (Current Assets) divided by $9,836(Current Liabilities) = 1. 4 % 2004 Current Ratio= $12,281 (Current Assets) divided by $11,133(Current Liabilities) = 1. 10% The evaluation of current assets compared to the current liabilities is solvency. Divide the current assets by current liabilities to determine the solvency. It will show the company’s long-term responsibilities. When the ratio is higher the company is more likely to meet their obligations and have growth in their industry by expenditures. The lower the ratio the company is less likely to meet their obligations. The st andard ratio for solvency is about 20% dependent upon the industry.The measure a company’s ability to generate assets versus expenses in an allotted period of time is profitability. If the ratio is higher or equal to their competitors’ preceding time period the company is in good standing. Periods of time are used to determine profitability and it is common to see the profitability increase and decrease all through the year. This is reason profitability is examined on a full fiscal year. The examination of the trends is horizontal analysis. An income statement, retained earnings statement and balance sheet are ways to implement the horizontal analysis.It will show the company’s financial data for a set period of time and a great instrument to know if the company is worth investing in. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Horizontal Analysis: 2005 total current assets $10,454 divided by $8,639 total current assets 2005 = 21% 2004 total current liabilities $9,404 divided by $6 ,752 total current liabilities 2004 = 39%. PepsiCo, Inc. had an increase in total assets by making loans. Pepsi increased their debt over the previous years and this shows an unstable business. Coca-Colas Horizontal Analysis: 005 total current assets $10,250 / $12,281 = 83. 5% or a decrease from 2004 to 2005 2004 total current assets $9,836 / $11,133 = 88. 4% of an 11. 6% decrease. Coca-Cola had a decrease in their debt. This indicates that Coca-Cola has a more solid business plan during this time period. Coca-Cola is also in a better monetarily stable place to pay back their debt. Vertical Analysis or the common size analysis is calculated by dividing the Balance Sheet items by the company’s total assets. This number is then turned into a percentage for easier comparison.This percentage represents the growth within the company. Positive retained earnings and debt retention are shown through positive and negative percentages. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Vertical Analysis: 2005 â €“ $1,716 (cash and cash equivalent) divided by $31,727 (total assets) =5. 4% 2004 – $1,280 (Cash and cash equivalent) divided by $27,987 (total assets) = 4. 6% The proper way to do vertical analysis for the PepsiCo. Inc. is to use the different line items from the balance sheet and divide each one by the company’s total assets. Both of these items are taken from the balance sheet.The total cash percentage and the cash equivalent percentages are related to the total assets. Coca-Cola Vertical Analysis: 2005 – $4,701(Cash, and Cash Equivalent) divided by $29,427(Total Assets) = 1. 6 % 2004 – 6,707(Cash and Cash Equivalent) divided by $31,441(Total Assets) = 2. 1 % Observing all the facts, it is clear to see that Coca-Cola has lower assets. Lowering their assets means that Coca-Cola used their assets to pay down or payoff their debt. This is a fact that most investors would strongly look at while determining where to invest.At this point Coca-Cola is ab le to spend more that will allow Coca-Cola to grow financially. After all of the factual numbers are observed, it is the time to decide which company is better to invest in. The only other elements that require examination is the personal choice and media influence. To look at which company has better advertising or taste is not the best way to decide but is a factor that is shared among un-educated investors. A financial investor would not encourage the investor to invest from his or her gut feelings.They would try to persuade the investor to use facts and figures as well as the reputation of the company. Although Coca-Cola posted stronger numbers in the Vertical Analysis, PepsiCo, Inc. posted stronger numbers in the Liquidity category. The Horizontal Analysis was also not the strongest showing for the PepsiCo, Inc. were lower even though they weren’t decreasing at the rate of Coca-Cola. This is harder to pick a better investment. Although Coca-Cola is decreasing their perce ntage of liabilities their total percentage of liabilities was higher.These facts and figures determine that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Inc, are both strong companies. They are also strong competitors. However, Coca-Cola seems to be handling their monies and financial investments in a more effective way. It seems that Coca-Cola is a stouter and more sensible investment. References: Principal of Financial Accounting 6th Edition. Weygandt,Kiesco, Kimmel www. pepsico. com/index. html#/flash/pepsico_slide. swf PepsiCo. com The Coca Cola Company. www. thecoca-colacompany. com/

Morality by Kant and Mill Essay

In all the functioning of an autonomous society there must be a moral system that must be incorporated in order to establish on what is right and wrong. Almost everything in any given community is based on some given code of morals; government policies, laws, traditions and even relationships. Without these system, the society would end up crumbling since every day operations are usually based and do depend on shared ethics. There is always a moral law that is valid for all the rational beings and all the men in the virtue of their own rationality (Immanuel et al, 2005). What is wrong and what is right is a question that has led to numerous debates for theologians and philosophers. Both Mill and Kant have offered some noble visions of morality as they have centered their thoughts on rational and respectable rules and principles that do focus on their rest of the works. It is therefore imperative to get into details on their rules on morality, how they are different and other principles they have come up with in their work. Kant has used his proof basing it on the presence of science metaphysics in his moral philosophy. He asserts that if a law is in any case to have the moral force then it ought to carry the absolute necessity (Andrea, 1998). Science metaphysics is usually a set of the required truths that are needed in order for morality to exist. It is usually the fulfillment of a persons’ duty to the needed truths that does make any act have the moral worth irrespective of it impact. The will does make us opt to do some specific actions. According to Kant, the will is usually the only thing that can be referred as bad or good since with any bad will, all the other aspects in a person can be equally used for all the immoral reasons. Kant asserts that the Categorical Imperative is that we do owe our obedience through duty. This is the main basis of morality since if one does attempt to the will then the immoral principle becomes universal therefore creating contradiction. For example in case one wants to have an abortion, then applying the Categorical Imperative it means that if everybody did commit an abortion, then the human race would obviously cease to basically exist which is usually impossible and contradictory. However, in some instances the categorical imperative is invalid and has got potentials to be abused. Kant’s moral philosophy does ignore the human desires (Andrea, 1998). It does require that the human beings be in a position to follow the duty independent of their desires otherwise no one can be moral. Mills philosophy on the other hand, has provided a road map philosophy. His rule of moral philosophy is more complete than Kant’s. The Mills basis of ethics and the utilitarianism theory is essentially the greatest happiness principle which does state that ultimate end of any human action is actually greatest happiness for most people (John, 2004). Mill does explain that happiness is usually desirable since every person who believes happiness is attainable do desire their own happiness. According to the utilitarianism theory, happiness is usually gotten from the absence of any pain and the presence of quantity and quality pleasure. One of the divergences between the two philosophers is in their belief of the reason of morality. Kant believes that the reason is usually duty as any action that is done through any duty to the Categorical Imperative is usually moral. Though Kant’s theory is good in assigning the wrong immoral actions, it has failed to differentiate on the more and the less acts therefore it does not require the affirmative actions for the morality. On the other hand, Mill’s theory has a gradation system of morality that usually shows the actions to be less or more depending on the happiness it usually generates. Under Mill’s theory one can never be moral unless there is the increase of bliss to the human beings thus uses the Hypothetical Imperative, whereas Kant’s moral philosophy one can be moral and selfish. Mill’s theory is more basic because Kant’s theory also does lack specificity. Though most laws can be gotten from Categorical Imperative, it is not effectual for handling some peculiar cases. Mill does propose for systems of laws to be derived from the happiness principle and then morality will depend on following the laws. Mill’s philosophy can be changed over time according to circumstances unlike Kant’s (Andrea, 1998). Mill uses the Hypothetical Imperatives which unlike Categorical Imperatives are conditional and commands that does apply in case one need to attain a certain outcome (Sandra, 2006). Both philosophers have their logic and reasoning capability on morality. The patent issue is that in any given society, there must be laws and codes of morality to govern them. References Mill, John. (2004) Utilitarianism. USA: Kessinger publishing. Melbos, Andrea. (1998). Kant and Mill on Morality. Retrieved 10, May, 2010< http://qirien. icecavern. net/punkus/school/kantmill. htm Kant, Immanuel. , Paton, Herbert. (2005). The moral law: groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. Canada: Routledge.

A Review of the Work and Play poem By Ted Hughes

This poem is about a comparison between a swallow and human beings that are on a day trip. The swallow, is at work in the poem and is feeling content. The humans, however, are supposed to be relaxing and having fun, but they feel miserable instead. With this, there is irony here with the title, as the swallow is working but having fun. The writer, I feel, is being biased in his poem. He tends to be in favour of the swallow. The poem is describing the people as ‘polluting' the environment. The message of the poem is that we shouldn't destroy our environment and our health by ‘baking' ourselves under the sun. The poem talks about the tourists arriving and then leaving unhappily. The writer is also describing the swallow's day, what it does to entertain itself and returning to its home at night. The poem is split into four, unequal stanzas. The first three stanzas, start off with a description of the swallow and then humans. The last stanza, however, starts off with a description of the humans and then the swallow. This makes us stop, think and more eager to finish the poem, as it's a change of pattern. The writer, perhaps wants to leave the reader with a positive and happy image rather than a negative and discomforting image. In the first three stanzas, the end of the two longest lines rhyme, forming a sort of rhyming couplet, e. g. â€Å"†¦ dust† and â€Å"†¦ bust† in the first stanza. In the first stanza, the writer, uses alliteration in the first phrase, â€Å"The swallow of summer, she toils all the summer† the use of ‘s' words. This gives the line a sort of rhythm to it. The metaphor, â€Å"A blue-dark knot of glittering voltage,† gives us this impression of a bright, powerful and energetic image of the swallow. The word, ‘glittering' also gives us an image of the swallow's shiny feathers. A whiplash swimmer†¦ † gives us a sense of the swallow's speed, rapid. Then the poet writes, â€Å"But†¦ † which is used at the beginning of each of the human's description in the first three stanzas, a form of repetition. The poem gives us a happy, positive image, when describing the swallow, at the start of the first three stanzas. Then, he uses ‘But' when starting to describe the humans, which start to give us a miserable and gloomy feel towards the humans. The writer, uses the metaphor ‘Serpent' to describe the long line of cars trying to get through traffic. This is a good metaphor to use because, if you are looking from a birds-eye view, the roof of the cars, looks like the scales of a snake. There is also, how the cars move along the swerving roads, like how a snake moves. â€Å"†¦ that crawls through the dust† this metaphor, gives us an image of the slow moving cars. A serpent, is a venomous creature, a sign of evil, the devil, which is a sign, that the writer is being biased in his poem. The phrases â€Å"shimmering exhaust† and â€Å"its fever in ocean† are telling us that they've already polluted the water before they, the humans, have even arrived there. In the second stanza, the writer uses a metaphor, â€Å"†¦ the barbed harpoon† in the first line, to describe the swallow. This gives us an impression of the swallow's impact and body shape, as she dives in. The writer uses alliteration in the second line, â€Å"†¦ flings from the furnace† and the word ‘flings' creates a sense of movement, it makes the reader read with expression. The metaphor, â€Å"†¦ a rainbow of purples† creates an attractive image for the reader. In the third line, he uses alliteration again, â€Å"†¦ he pond and is perfect† and this is creating a positive image. In the description of the humans, he uses repetition, â€Å"But the serpent of cars†¦ † to make you remember it, so it stays in your head that negative feeling. Another metaphor used is, â€Å"Disgorges its organs† which is referring to the people, making their way out of the cars, like a snake, shedding its skin, this is giving us another unpleasant image. The two similes used, â€Å"Which roll like tomatoes† and â€Å"Nude as tomatoes† gives us a negative image of these large, lazy, sunburnt people, lying on the beach. With sand in their creases† gives us an uncomfortable feeling. The word ‘cringe' in the last line gives this embarrassed feeling, a negative feeling. The writer, is clearly using a lot of negative images to bring out his message. The onomatopoeic word ‘screech' is used to give us an image of the negative sounds on the beach, the people's discomfort. In the third stanza, the writer uses a lot of alliteration in the first two lines. The use of the ‘s' words, ‘swallow', ‘summer' is a bit onomatopoeic, producing a sense of the bird's movement. He uses the word ‘seamstress' to describe the swallow, meaning a dressmaker. This metaphor is used to show how she sews something using the sky and water as her material, which makes it now an extended metaphor. In the third line, it is describing its movement, the twists and swerves. The word ‘draws' provide a long sound and the word ‘knots' provide an abrupt, short sound, perhaps showing the swallow's movement, gliding and then halting abruptly. The writer then uses ‘But' again and brings back the negative image. The humans are described as † †¦ aid out like wounded† the metaphor is showing their pain in sunburn, laid out in rows, endangering themselves, like a line of wounded soldiers. The metaphors, â€Å"Flat as in ovens† and â€Å"Roasting and basting† gives us the impression they are being cooked. They're being compared to cooking meat. The word ‘basting' is describing the humans putting on sun cream and there's a bi t of irony between the way we cook meat. The word ‘torment' shows us their agony and the word ‘blue' gives us an impression of the heat, as hot as a blue flame and the sun's harmful rays. The lack of language in the description of the humans makes the reader read with one breath, leaving them in discomfort, to perhaps experience how the humans are actually feeling. The line â€Å"Their heads are transistors† is describing their heads as being heat damaged and they're like robots, moving a limited amount. â€Å"Their teeth grit on sand grains† is sort of a repetition of the line â€Å"with sand in their creases† in the second stanza, to remind us of the humans agony. The hyperbole and metaphor, â€Å"Man eating flies† shows us their annoyance and pain with the insects. Their ‘electric shock needles' make conditions worse, more pain, the physical horror of it all and it gives us a diseased image, another negative image. In the last stanza, there is use of alliteration, â€Å"They can climb in their cars†¦ † The word ‘climb' is used to describe how the humans get into their cars, showing their tiredness. The repetition with, â€Å"†¦ raw bodies, raw faces† provides us with an image of these sunburnt people, the colour of raw meat, blood red and the repetition ‘hammers' this image into our heads. The line, â€Å"And headache it homeward† gives us an impression of these tired and hot people returning home. The metaphor and hyperbole â€Å"a car full of squabbles† and the line, â€Å"And sobbing and stickiness† shows us this negative image of how the children in the car, are moaning and throwing tantrums. Then, the writer is using repetition again, â€Å"With sand in their crannies† a similar description is used in the previous two stanzas. It shows us that even though they are going home, they still feel uncomfortable. The line â€Å"Inhaling petroleum† brings us back to the message of the poem, with the humans polluting the planet. The writer describes it as pouring out from the ‘foxgloves'. Foxgloves are poisonous flowers. The writer here is perhaps comparing the exhaust to these flowers. The flowers produce a poison, venom, which a serpent produces also, one damages your health and the other damages the environment, they are both dangerous. The poem then moves on to describing how the swallow returns home. Alliteration is used again, â€Å"The swallow of summer, cartwheeling through the crimson,† to give the line a rhythm. The word ‘cartwheeling' gives us this image of the bird flying home with happiness, through ‘crimson', this is describing the wonderful sunset, the orange, yellow and red background. Touches the honey-slow river and turning† the word ‘honey' gives us a sweet image. The river is a honey colour, due to the sun's crimson rays reflecting onto the water. The writer wants to leave us with a pleasant image at the end of the poem. The swallow is described as ‘hand stretched' when returning to its home. The words are showing us that the swallow is welcome d back, it is also perhaps referring to God's hands reaching out to this wonderful creature he has created. The humans, however, â€Å"†¦ headache it homeward† Nobody welcomed them home, their journey home, was destroying the environment. The last line of the poem, † A boomerang of rejoicing shadow. † leaves the reader in content but also thinking about the whole message of the poem. The metaphor used, ‘boomerang' is a good metaphor to use because a boomerang always returns when it's thrown. The writer has used three different, but similar and powerful metaphors to describe the swallow. The three metaphors he has used, has provided us with a powerful image of the swallow. The swallow is rejoicing because, everyone has left, her day is over and now she can relax with happiness. I think, this poem has really made me think, that a day out can really cause so much danger to us and to our planet. The irony of the poem, makes you think that a swallow who works hard can still be so happy with its life and there's us, who laze about and is feeling unhappy, so why do we do it? The writer has used a lot of good descriptive metaphors and similes in his poem. I liked the metaphors he used when describing the humans on the beach, â€Å"Are laid out like wounded†, â€Å"Flat as in ovens† and â€Å"Roasting and Basting†. It really emphasises the whole idea of the humans endangering their lives for some pleasure but they still feel unhappy at the same time. Ted Hughes has really shown his point of view about the situation. He has done this by showing such negative images when describing the humans, making out that the humans have been put on this planet just to destroy it and the animals are living how God would like the humans to live. The way, how the poem is structured to how the writer wants the reader to feel, is a good effect. This brings some realism to the poem and it involves the reader more.

Black People and James Baldwin

Deborah Lee Period 1 May 28,2012 Supplemental Reading Assignment A. The theme of Baldwin’s essay is equality. He establishes this theme in his essay with the juxtaposition of a poor white man and a black man. In this essay, Baldwin speaks of how â€Å"People are continually pointing out to me the wretchedness of white people in order to console me for the wretchedness of blacks. He says that people say that being black is not that bad because there are white people in the same situation and that there is still hope for the black because of people like Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis but it is still not something â€Å"to be regarded with complacency† because the situations of Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis are just rare. Equality in America at the time was possible with â€Å"determined will,† but still very rare. Another way James Baldwin established the theme of equality in this essay was when he mentioned the projects, more specifically, Riverton.Baldwin establi shes this theme of equality through mentioning Riverton for Riverton was a physical representation of the inequality of blacks and whites in America back then. Baldwin said, â€Å"The people in Harlem know they are living there because white people do not think they are good enough to live anywhere else. † There was going to be no equality if people were told to live in certain places because of their color. Baldwin also makes this theme extremely clear when he says, â€Å"Negroes want to be treated like men. † B.The tone of the essay, Fifth Avenue, Uptown: A letter from Harlem by James Baldwin and the tone of the poem, Theme for English B by Langston Hughes are similar. They are similar for both authors show that there is hope for equality through the tone of each text. In the poem, Theme for English B, Hughes says â€Å"You are white — / yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. / That’s American. † Hughes expresses that although he may be the onl y black person in his class, he is still American like the rest of the class and should be considered equal.The tone of the essay and poem is different from the poem Incident by Countee Collen. This poem’s tone is complete opposite from the other poem and essay for Collen uses more of a doubtful tone. This poem is more about just being sad and bothered that blacks and whites are not equal instead of being hopeful for the equality of the two races that is soon to come like the other poem and essay. C. The perspectives on race in these texts are different than in To Kill a Mockingbird for in To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus believes that there is good and bad in everyone and that nobody should be hated or claimed as all bad.In the book, Scout asks Atticus if it is okay to hate Hitler but Atticus says that you shouldn’t hate anybody, no matter how bad they are because there is a good side to them. This shows that Atticus’ perspective on race is different from the aut hors of the poems and essay for the authors believe that the whites are bad people because blacks and whites are not equal. While Atticus is just like the authors for he wants equality between black and whites, his perspective is different for he believes that this equality will be brought once the good side comes out of the white people.

Ang Tundo Man May Langit Din

Beyond what feels good, back to what is good In a relationship doing foolishness is all part of the game that everyone plays. I have known many teenagers at my age even younger than me thinks that having a relationship or so called boyfriend/girlfriend makes them proud for themselves. Not knowing you violated God’s order because of your thinking, your values and you desire to others. Even we grew up in a Christian way may still not be enough to be good as what God wants you to be. You still need a lot of learnings but it is important to start changes to your lifestyle and attitude toward others. We should forget old way of living. We should not live for ourselves, we should live for God and for the good of others. You should treat a person what is in his or her best interest. To care for others when there’s nothing to expect in return. To show love to a person with purity and holiness because it pleases God and it is important that our love for others be shaped by God’s love for us . Do not love a person as you wanted instead of what God’s wanted. You will find true peace and joy if you change your attitude towards the goodness and you will find that God has something better in store for you. Asking for forgiveness is the best thing you can do because God is so forgiving. As what God’s amazing love for us at the cross, our sins have been forgiven. Remember these†¦ At the end of out lives, we would not answer to everyone†¦ We’ll answer to GOD. Chapter 2: The Joy of Intimacy is the Reward of Commitment Joshua Harris stated that the fundamental problem with relationships today is that we’ve disconnected romance and Commitment. It’s true that sometimes we’re starting what we can’t finish, we’re pursuing romance while not ready for commitment. Some people specially teenagers are dating because they want to enjoy the company of others. But in most cases they want to experience the emotional and physical benefits of intimacy without the responsibility of real commitment. We wished for the pleasure of love without obligations, without sacrifice, without vows. Yes, I know it happened most of the time because we give importance for the satisfaction that we will get, the happiness we will feel. The Bible teaches about true love – Instead of being selfless, you become selfish; instead of being patient, you become impatient instead of looking out for the good of the person, it’s focused on the needs of the moment. As they say in the Golden Rule in romance – it’s deciding to do what‘s best for others by never asking for intimacy that you’re not able to match with commitment. Do not go in a relationship if you are not sure that you are ready to face everything and give your full commitment not only to him/her but especially to God. Everything has a proper time†¦ in God’s time. But for now while you are not ready to have an intimate relationship seriously you can build a commitment thru friendship as brothers and sisters in Christ. They say that the best relationships are between two people who care more about each others good than their own pleasure. Remember these†¦ You have to be careful on what you wish for sometimes it comes with a price and at the end of the day you are still hungry for something real, something true. True joy is found in God’s brand of love – love founded on faithfulness, love rooted in Commitment. Chapter 3: Recognizing Dating’s Negative Tendencies Good intentions sometimes aren’t enough to build a friendship specially by means of dating. Dating has the tendency to move a guy or girl beyond friendship and toward romance too quickly because you’re both out of control. Dating is not necessarily wrong – it’s our own wrong attitudes and values. Many dating relationships mistake physical attraction and sexual intimacy for true love. God demands purity and holiness for everyone. What happened to our life today, we’ll carry the memories of our past and have a big part to our future. God doesn’t want us to live in guilt and regret in life. Yes, we cannot live in the future but there’s a lot of things you need you need to do for tomorrows responsibilities. God gives us the abilities and skills to do better but sometimes instead of serving God, instead of educating themselves to be a better person and to equip themselves to succeed in life, many allow themselves to be consumed by the present need that dating emphasizes. God gives us singleness to give a chance and opportunities for growth, learning and service instead of finding and keeping boyfriends and girlfriends. Dating encourages people of wrong use of freedom. But we don’t find the real beauty of life in getting romance with as many as different people as we want. We find the real beauty in using our freedom to serve God with all our heart. Remember these†¦ Just because both people like each other doesn’t mean hearts have joined. And just because both person has intimate relationship doesn’t mean two people are right for each other. A physical relationship doesn’t equal the true meaning of love. Set your values and start to live life doing the right thing.

Personal reflection paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal reflection - Term Paper Example Studying deeply about leadership skills and characteristic allow a person to transform into a dynamic personality with a solid business goal. The learning course which I have studied has all the elaborate information on the qualities one need to imbibe to promote their leadership status. According to (Murthy,2005)â€Å"A leader is an agent of change, and progress is about change. Leadership is about raising the aspirations of followers and enthusing people with a desire to reach for the stars†. A leader is a person who possesses a unique quality indifferent from others. The information that I have collected during my study about leadership will enable me to grow as a strong leader in future. The understanding of leadership qualities and characteristic is essential for an individual to transform into a dynamic leader .A true leader is evolved after passing through much positive and negative experiences. Here, the learning of the course material has provided me with enormous information and suggestion about the way in which, I can upgrade my mental and physical capacities. I believe that understanding the issue related to the individual differences and uniqueness of my personality goes a long way in acknowledging my personal strength and weaknesses. I have been studying the different personality like Type A and B which has the ability to teach a person the category of personality type he fall into .As I categorized my personality; I acquired a basic foundation on which I can built my leadership personality. Moreover, the personality test like Myers Brigg test and HPI has the core potentiality to educate a person about his natural skills and versatility. Being a leader is not an easy task, for this one must have the enormous quality to manipulate one’s emotional behavior. This is where the Emotional intelligence which I studied will come into play. Emotional

Risk analysis (Brazil) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Risk analysis (Brazil) - Research Paper Example The official currency is the Real that divides into 100 Centavos. Moreover, the country pursues industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. This entails exploiting the extensive natural resources in the country and utilizing the large labor pool. Today, Brazil enjoys the top position as the leading economic power and a regional leader in South America. In addition, the country led in the economic recovery efforts in the region. However, a wide gap in income distribution and crimes remain greatest problems in Brazil. The Wall Street Journal reported on Brazil’s economic growth on for the second quarter of the year 2012. According to the article, Brazil’s Listless Growth Continues, there is a continued slump in the country’s economy despite efforts by the government to salvage it. Government statistics show that there was slowed growth in the second quarter registered at 1.6%, much lower than the projected value. Brazilian government impleme nted tax cuts, record interest rate cuts and campaigned to weaken its currency in order to ignite more economic activities. However, these efforts did not increase the pace and the economy was still sluggish (Fick, Magalhaes and Lyons). The report further indicates that the country registered the fastest growth rate in the world during the global financial crisis in the recent years. As a result, numerous investors considered investing in Brazil due to the development leap. It also geared the hosting of two main global events namely the soccer World Cup in 2014 and 2016 Olympic Games. However, the optimism on the economy is slowly turning into apprehension. As a result, the current climate for multinational investment is marred with uneasiness. The investors appear unsure of the governments’ measures to stimulate the recovery of the domestic markets. Moreover, Brazil’s economy has downshifted to slower growth with the debt crisis and unpredictable recovery efforts. The government predicted an economic growth of 4.5% that gave the investors’ confidence in the markets. This was due to the increase in spending on key infrastructure projects such as ports and river dams. However, the target growth was never achieved; instead, the country recorded a growth of half the forecast rate (Fick, Magalhaes and Lyons). In a bid to stimulate further recovery and growth, the government through the central bank of Brazil has lowered the interest rates by 5% to 7.5%. In addition, there are other announced programs meant to build projects to improve transport and communication to boost growth. Officials in the country blame the world’s slow economic growth for the country’s performance. Furthermore, the administration cites the investor attitude towards emerging market countries as a cause for slowed growth in their economy. However, several present and projected macroeconomic variables affect the recovery and growth of Brazil’s economy (Fick, Magalhaes and Lyons). The country improved its macroeconomic stability through the creation of foreign reserves, and the reduction of debt profile through a shift in debt burden towards the denominated and domestically held instruments. After the 2008 recession period, Brazil was the first emerging market to recover. The GDP growth reached 7.5% in the year 2010. This was registered as the highest growth rate for the past 25 years of the economy. However, the increase in inflation led to a slowed growth in 2011