Symbols And Metaphors Of Oedipus The King - 958 Words

The story of Oedipus the King have many symbols and metaphors that can be interpreted differently from person to person. There are many metaphors that are used as symbols in Oedipus the King, which includes sight and blindness, self-affliction, and the three way crossroad. These are the three main symbols that were used in the story, and sight means knowledge, self-affliction stems from a sense of guilt, and the three way crossroad stands for decisions. The symbol of vision is a big component of the story of Oedipus. There are several situations where vision is presented in this story and it is a symbol of knowledge. The blind man that told Oedipus that he would kill his father had knowledge about something that Oedipus did not. Although the blind man could not visually see, he had knowledge that allowed him to see Oedipus’ future through a prophecy. Oedipus had the ability to see and was warned by others and did not take the advice that was offered by others. As a result, he cut his eyes out because of the awful things that he did. The use of blindness and sight was a symbol that was used throughout the story. Some of the characters lacked the ability to see, but they had the knowledge instead. Although Tiresias was blind, he could see more about reality than most of the other characters. He was compensated for being blind with his gift of prophecy. Oedipus has excellent vision, but is blind to the truth because he does not accept the words of the prophet. HeShow MoreRelatedLiterary Devices In Oedipus The King By Sophocles810 Words   |  4 Pages400 B.C. Sophocles, a Greek dreamer, wrote the story, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. One might think that a story that old may be boring or poorly written, but in fact it is very descriptive and entertaining. Sophocles even employs different literary devices to enhance the themes throughout the story. Some of these techniques includes: metaphor, personification, imagery, symbolism, tone, meter, setting, and diction. Even though Sophocles uses metaphors during the story, the main subjects being compared areRead MoreNoting Details1540 Words   |  7 Pagesby Sopocles is characterization. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles used characterization to portray Oedipus as the tragic hero. A third literary device used in the play is flashback, which is where the story switches from the present to an event that occurred in the past. The most important literary device in the play is dramatic irony. It is frequently used throughout most of the play. For example, when Creon tells Oedipus about the gods curse on Thebes, Oedipus puts his own curse on the murderer ofRead MoreReview Of Oedipus The King 1394 Words   |  6 PagesMotif in Oedipus the King Sophocles’ writing style in the play, Oedipus the King, offers incredible insight into the ways that authors utilize recurring symbols to create motif in their plays and writings. This particular play uses a blend of irony, wit, and metaphor to create a literary motif. Sophocles explores the literal aspects of sight and blindness, in the form of knowledge and oblivion. Through recurring symbols of sight and blindness, both literal and metaphorical, Sophocles creates a motifRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King1362 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Shakespeares’ Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus’ armed entrance into the bedroom in which JocastaRead MoreTheme Of Sight And Blindness In Oedipus797 Words   |  4 PagesSphinx.When Oedipus finally sees the terrible truth of his life, Sophocles hammers home his metaphor by having the king stab out his own eyes. Oedipus says he does this because he can no longer look on the horrors that his unwitting actions have created. With this most famous of gougings, Oedipus literally becomes the thing hes always metaphorically been: blind. At the end of the play, Oedipus becomes symbolic of all of humanity, stumbling fo rward The Scars on Oedipuss Feet When Oedipus was threeRead MoreEssay on Oedipus and Hamlet1424 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Mihailovic 5-14-01 Though Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus armed entrance into the bedroom in which Jocasta hanged herself, and HamletsRead More The Search for Truth in Anton Chekhovs The Cherry Orchard and Sophocles Oedipus Rex1281 Words   |  6 PagesAn ignorant person is so confident they comprehend the truth, that they are blind to the greater truth. Anton Chekhov and Sophocles deal with the idea of this sinful pride that leads to ignorance in their respective works, The Cherry Orchard and Oedipus Rex. In each drama, certain characters are slapped in the face with the truth; the light is revealed. However, these characters make the connection when it i s too late. Their destruction is already destined to become a reality, a horrid fate thatRead MoreAnalysis of Oedipus the King Essays1825 Words   |  8 PagesThe tale of Oedipus and his prophecy has intrigued not only the citizens of Greece in the ancient times, but also people all over the world for several generations. Most notable about the play was its peculiar structure, causing the audience to think analytically about the outcomes of Oedipus’ actions and how it compares with Aristotle’s beliefs. Another way that the people have examined the drama is by looking at the paradoxes (such as the confrontation of Tiresias and Oedipus), symbols (such as theRead MoreThe Quality Of Self Reliance953 Words   |  4 Pagesand everything happened or would happen in their life is also pre-set by the Gods. Plebeian were often restrained by such a typical perception, therefore they insisted that life was controlled by their own destiny, which was unable to deny. Though Oedipus and Socrates demonstrated their wisdom that was superior than the Plebeians when facing puzzles, the types of wisdom they possessed were different to some extent, and this is the main factor that caused different experience in their later life. TheRead MoreLacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman,1600 Words   |  7 Pages Lacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman, 1034). It is a questionable theory and a so-called ‘dream’ because Sigmund Freud developed the Oedipus complex in such a way that allowed him to stand as an example of his own theory. It begins with what Freud would call ‘introspection’; the analysis of one’s self. He developed terms to use in his psychoanalysis; terms that divide the self and attempt to explain aspects of the human personality. Adding

Marijuana Legalization Essay - 1982 Words

The legalization of marijuana in the United States is a long and historically debated subject. Pro-legalization advocates provide many reasons for the decriminalization of marijuana; some of the reasons include, zero recorded deaths from direct use, wasting tax-payer money prosecuting non-violent offenders, and prohibition promotes organized crime. Anti-legalization organizers condemn legalization due to marijuana being considered a gateway drug, moral and religious opposition, legalization could lead to harder drugs being legalized, and the fear that legalization would enable the drug to be more accessible to children. There are many positive and negative aspects of legalization, but personally I am in favor of legalization and†¦show more content†¦The beginning of prohibition of marijuana in the United States was marked by the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937; the act was drafted by Harry Anslinger, Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN). Anslinger was the cata lysts to â€Å"reefer madness†, the fear that marijuana can kill and make ordinary people go insane; he was repeatedly criticized for his harshness towards marijuana, â€Å"critics allege that Anslinger and the campaign against marijuana had an hidden agenda, DuPont petrochemical interests and William Randolph Hearst together created the highly sensational anti-marijuana campaign to eliminate hemp as an industrial competitor.† (Wikipedia) This misinformation spread like wildfire in the United States and still has roots in many Americans, as they pass this information down to newer generations. The criminalization of marijuana began with the Boggs Act of 1952, and was reinforced by the Narcotics Control Act or 1956. Mandatory sentencing began with these laws; â€Å"first-offense marijuana possession carried a minimum sentence of 2-10 years with a fine of up to $20,000.† (PBS) However, in 1970 Congress repealed mandatory sentencing for marijuana offences. Und er the Nixon administration in 1972, the Shafer Commission was appointed to consider laws regarding marijuana and determinedShow MoreRelatedThe Risk Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesThe risk of Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, as we know, is a kind of drug. According to Thompson (2015), marijuana is not only one kind of drug, but also can be used as a medicinal material. The reason it can be a medicinal substance is that marijuana has a curative affect of relieving pain. Despite different states having a variety of regulations about the usage of marijuana, there is always one rule that is unified, which is the medicinal usage of marijuana must be approved by the FDA—theRead MoreLegalizing The Legalization Of Marijuana1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscourage is a way to fix the problem. Evident by Colorado and Washington, â€Å"the legalization of marijuana can stop most of these possession arrests† (Levine). After the first opening of the first retail marijuana stores on January 1, 2014, Colorado had decreased crime rates, decreased traffic fatalities and increase in economic output (DPA). Since 2010, the marijuana possession arrest have went down 84% since its legalization. The tact ic of legalizing, controlling, and discouraging has been proposed byRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s not as bad as smoking or drinking alcohol! The government knows what’s good for us! You can’t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me â€Å"Be Healthy, don’t do drugs.† Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization some may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. InRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been a debate over the legalization of marijuana since it was made illegal in the 1920s. There are opponents on both sides of the issue. There are many benefits to the legalization of marijuana, but there are also detrimental effe cts to society that are caused by marijuana use. These issues need to be debated to determine if the legalization of marijuana would benefit the United States. According to a 2003 Zogby poll, â€Å"the government should treat marijuana more or less the same way it treatsRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The only way in which a human being can make some approach to knowing the whole of any subject is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion and studying all modes in which in can be looked at by every character of mind. No wise man ever acquired his wisdom in any mode but this. - John Stuart Mill (Mill. 7). The topic of legalizing marijuana is a very conservational issue in American politics today. There are many good arguments bothRead MoreLegalization of Medical Marijuana Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Renee Grant ENC 1101-1002 Professor Bahle March 30, 2013 Medical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Medical marijuana has been an ongoing fight between the federal government, physicians and patients. Contrary to many beliefs, marijuana, whether it is used for medical reasons or recreational is non-lethal. It has been proven to be useful in many medical conditions. There hasRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana is such a growing debate in the United States, whether it’s on television, in the classroom, or in your own kitchen; you may find yourself debating about it with someone. You are either for it, against it, or indifferent. Either way you still have an opinion of some sort about the legalization of marijuana. Christopher Beach and William Bennett are no different. The release of their article on called â€Å"Legalize Juggernaut† on WeeklyStandard.com timing is perfect sinceRead MoreThe Truth Behind Marijuana Legalization1462 Words   |  6 PagesBehind Marijuana Marijuana is arguably the most controversial drug in history. In general, when someone hears the word â€Å"drugs† they think of a terrible substance that will destroy the human body. However bringing up marijuana, many people think of different things. Some think of a degenerate hippie, but many Americans simply do not know what to think, and bringing up the legalization of the substance is even more controversial. There is a large group of people that believe the legalization of marijuanaRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has still

Legal Aspects of International Business and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspects of International Business and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction Woolworth Limited, founded in 1994 is one of the leading companies in Australia. It was founded by the five members including Cecil Scott Waine, Percy Christmas, Ernest Williams, Stanley Chatterton and George Creed. The company primarily operates in the retailing industry in New Zealand and Australia with the aim to deliver best shopping experience to its customers based on quality and value services. Headquarter of the company is located in Bella Vista, Australia. The company serves it products and services in Australia, India and New Zealand globally. The company offers wide range of products and services at lower prices to its customers than its competitors (Woolworths, 2015). The company is specialized to provide diversified consumer wholesale products. Woolworths Limited is governed under the chairmanship of Gordon Cairns and Brad Banducci, who is the CEO of the company. There are total 2,02,000 workforce operating in the company among whom 1,97,000 are Australian based employees while other 5000 employees are working in other region (Macroaxis, 2016). The company mainly operates in different markets including supermarkets, department stores, hotels and liquor retailing. The company has stable financial position along with the increase in the country's economic growth (Woolworths Limited, 2016). The goods and services offered by the company create a favorable situation for the consumers and stakeholders for the growth and increased standard of living which greatly impacts the company's success. However, growth and success of th e company also leads to the competitive advantage over its competitors in the retailing industry in Australia(Productivity Commission , 2008). Regulatory framework affecting the Woolworths Limited Woolworth Limited is evolving and innovating its products and services in order to meet the challenges in the market through finding a new ways and methods to delight their customers. The company operates within the regulatory framework implemented by the country. Retailing industry never operates in a similar manner as, nowadays most of the customers search for greater value and choices than ever before. Every week the company serves more than 18 million customers. Thus, the company requires the vendor to comply with all the legal obligations and responsibility in all reverence. The code of conduct implemented by the company, enhance its reputation through achieving the legal, ethical and moral standards (Woolworths, 2016). However, there is significant number of regulatory frameworks, which affects the Woolworth Limited in an effective manner. This framework varied from company to company within the retailing industry. The regulatory framework is complied in the various areas inclu ding safety health and environment, trade practices, responsible duty of alcohol, food safety and privacy. The company has to supply its products and services according to these conditions in order to meet the standards set by the industry (Woolworths, 2016). The Woolworths Limited standards are not proposed to function as an alternate source for the vendor to make certainty with the legal obligations and regulatory safety of the products. Some of the regulatory framework affecting the operations of Woolworth Limited leads to affect its financial performance and function in the longer term. In addition, the retailing industry in Australia indicates a great diversity through region, format of retail industry, nature of products and services produced and sold and the level of competition within the market and the size of the business. In the recent years, the company has met many challenges related to the rules and regulations implemented by the industry. The current performance, efficiency and structure of the company operating in the retail sector became a barrier to its economic contribution in Australia. According to the government rules, Australian retailers are forced to share their products and services with the overseas counterparts. The Australian government authorizes the industry to establish the consumer safety standards to guard health and life of the people. However, there are some taxes which affect the company in all the perspectives. The Government's implementation of taxes and duties is creating an effective advantage and disadvantage to the company, depending on the condition in which, the company operates. How regulatory framework affects the Woolworth Limited Consumer Law - The consumer law of Australia ensures fair rules and regulations on the contract terms, which guarantee to provide the consumer rights against the product safety, unsolicited agreements and penalties. The country's national statutory framework has a great impact on the economy as it encourages the retailers to sell those products which are not harmful to the environment as well as to the consumer's health. These statutory standards are imposed by the ACCC i.e. Australian Competition and Consumer commission. The consumer laws imposed by the country affect Woolworths Limited because the company is committed to service its customers in the best manner possible (Competition Policy Review, 2014). However, it manages to operate in such a manner that it protects the welfare of its consumers and other stakeholders. The company has implemented such policies, which work according to these Government rules and standards (Australian Government, 2016). If these laws are not adherin g by the company properly, it will greatly hamper its performance and success. In the year 2016, Woolworth Limited has been ordered to pay a fine of $ 3.057 million as it has violated the standards related to the safety and health issues. The company has failed to maintain the standards imposed by the Government. Therefore, any misconduct with the standard issues lead to poor performance as well as reduces the level of consumers trust (Groom Lavers, 2016). Goods and Services tax In the year 2000, Australian government has introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST). This tax potentially impacts on the functions performed by the company and thereby contributes to revenue and expenditure generated by Woolworth Limited. The current Goods and Services Tax rates in the country is 10%. GST indirectly impacts the consumer products and retail sector. The implementation of GST is beneficial for the retail industry as it strengthen the policies of selling the consumer products and services. High rates of GST not only ensures that the company performs in a positive manner because it reduces the payments of taxes imposed in different areas related to real estate and services but, it also reduces the issues related to the value chain system through uniform tax rates (CPA Australia, 2015). Corporation Tax - The corporation tax effects the company's investment and development within the industry. This tax is imposed on the net profit generated by the company and hence, reduces the investment. A high corporation tax reduces the companys revenues and also enables the local retailers to compete with the company, as the implication of this tax reduces the investment opportunity in the industry. The current corporation tax in Australia is 30%, which shows that the company has to pay 30% on its marginal income (Djankov et al., 2010). Food Safety Regulation - The Australian government ensures to provide those goods and services which meet all the principles and safety objectives according to the consumer needs. The food safety regulation standards are mostly applied on the retailing industry who sells the consumer products and services (Woolworths, 2016). The compliance to all the food safety regulation leads the company to enhance its productivity and trust among the consumers (Food Standards, 2001). Woolworth Limited is dealing in the retail industry where it operates in the departmental stores and supermarkets. Thus, it also sells food products to its customers which foster the company to measure the quality of the products they are offering. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) establishes the code of practice and food standards within the industry to address the issues related to food safety regulation (Wowlink, 2016). However, strict food safety regulation requires the company to sell those products and services which are environment friendly and are not hazardous to the consumers' health. Moreover, non fulfillment of this regulation forces the company to pay penalty for offering the unsafe products to its customers. Recently, the company has paid around $ 3 million for providing damaged consumer goods. This had greatly slowed down the company's revenue and performance (Han, 2016). Impact of treaties, conventions or agreements on the products or services provided by Woolworth Limited in Australia Woolworth Limited is one of the leading companies in the retail industry. It improves and enhances its products and services through entering into new contracts or agreements, which later has a great impact on its product and services. Woolworth Limited is serving its products and services in the key areas including Australia, New Zealand and India. Hence, the agreement between any of these countries has a great impact on its products and services. In the year 1983, Australia and New Zealand came into an agreement popularly known as ANZCERTA or CER. It is a free trade agreement between the countries which brings economic relations closer among them. ANZCERTA stands for Australia - New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement. This agreement builds the foundation in the development of countries' trade and economic association. It helps in strengthening the trading relationship between the countries through common valuable growth and extension of free trade. With the key respect of the establishment of the agreement, it has a direct impact on the product and services of Woolworths Limited. The transaction and compliance cost of the product offered by the company has reduces which in turn results into country's significant progress in many key area of the business. The elimination of tariffs on the products and services reduces the quantitative restriction on the trade and consumption of products. Therefore, it also resul ts into the minimization of market distortions and thereby satisfies needs and wants of large number of consumers. The elimination of trade barriers also results into a dramatic change in the products of Woolworth Limited. The technology used in the production of products has enhanced because the company has to invest less amount in the transportation cost and duties involved while trading the products. Therefore, it improves the quality of the products offered by the company and thus, enables the company to make profit (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). The bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and New Zealand has expanded economic cooperation between the countries. The agreement is also known as (CECA) i.e. Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement. This agreement has an immense impact on the retailing of products and services of Woolworths Limited. The demand for products in both the countries increases as cost of the product is comparatively lower due to free trade. Therefore, quantity produced and supplied among the countries increases which greatly influence the investment opportunity in the products sold by the company (Bano Paswan, 2010). In the year 2009, the company has entered into the hardware sector with the investment of $ 24 billion. Through entering into this contract, the company has expanded local independent hardware sector by the way of acquiring Danks. Danks Holdings Limited is one of the leading retailing company dealing in the hardware and building supplies products. Woolworth Limited has designed a multi format strategy to improve daily needs of the consumers. This contract has impacted on the consumer goods because it has grown the company's opportunity to distribute and deliver the products with greater efficiency to the independent retailers (woolworthslimited, 2009). The growth and expansion in the home improvement and hardware sector enhances the company's existing retailing capabilities, skills and technology. Despite of the current economic situation, the company has invested into the business which provides a greater competition in the retailing market. But, entering into a new contract affects the other products and services provided by the company. As the amount invested into the new project can be invested into the existing products and services, which affects the profitability of the company. The contract affects the overall business as huge amount of investment has been done in the new sector. It also affects the financial position of the company including the new strategies formed by the business. The company is now dealing in the diversified products and services in the different retailing sector within the market. This expansion of the company benefits the consumers with the different choices offered by the company. The resource allocation of producing other consumer goods and services has been reduced through funding this contract. Hence, entering into a new sector expands and grows the company's productivity but also greatly hampers the existing products and services offered by the company. Conclusion Retailing industry in Australia is affected by extensive range of varied factors, which greatly influences the capacity and willingness of the consumers to spend. Woolworth Limited is one of the recognized companies in this industry. However, the performance and productivity is affected by some regulatory framework implied by the Government in order to meet the certain standards issued by the regulator of the industry. This regulatory framework ensures that the company sells those products and services which do not hamper the consumer health and safety. Corporation tax, consumer laws, Goods and Services Tax (GST) and food safety regulation are some regulatory frameworks which affects the company's policies to perform in the market. Woolworth Limited grows and expands its business across the world through entering into new contracts and agreements. These agreements also have a huge impact on the companys existing products and services. It also ensures to enhance its shareholders value by providing access to the new market within the industry. References Australian Government, 2016. Australian business and environment laws. [Online] Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-investing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-business-regulation/Australian-business-and-environment-laws [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Bano, S. Paswan, N.K., 2010. India-New Zealand Trade And Trade Potential: Recent Experience And Future Opportunities. New Zealand Association of Economists. Competition Policy Review, 2014. Response to the Competition Policy Review Draft Report. Australian Government. CPA Australia, 2015. Tax Reform in Australia - The Facts. CPA Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016. Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement. [Online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/anzcerta/pages/australia-new-zealand-closer-economic-relations-trade-agreement.aspx [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Djankov, S. et al., 2010. The Effect of Corporate Taxes on Investmentand Entrepreneurship. American Economic Journal, 2(3), pp.31-64. Food Standards, 2001. Safe Food Australia. Canberra: Food Safety Program, Australia New Zealand Food Authority. Groom Lavers, 2016. #80 (10.02.2016) Australian Consumer Law: Woolworths Ordered to pay $3.057 Million. [Online] Available at: https://toowoombasolicitor.com.au/80-10-02-2016-australian-consumer-law-woolworths-ordered-to-pay-3-057-million/?upm_export=print [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Han, E., 2016. Woolworths ordered to pay $3 million penalty for selling unsafe products. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-ordered-to-pay-3-million-penalty-for-selling-unsafe-products-20160205-gmmtrp.html [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Macroaxis, 2016. Woolworths Limited Number of Employees. [Online] Available at: https://www.macroaxis.com/invest/ratio/WOW.AX--Number-of-Employees [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Productivity Commission , 2008. Woolworths Limited. Australian Govenrment. Woolworths Limited, 2016. Strategy and Objectives. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Strategy_and_Objectives/ [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Woolworths, 2009. Press Release: Woolworths to enter $24 billion hardware sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/128787_Woolworths_to_enter_24_billion_hardware_sector.pdf [Accessed 10 August 2016]. Woolworths, 2015. Annual Report 2015. Woolworths Limited. Woolworths, 2016. Audit, Risk Management and Compliance Committee Charter. Woolworths Ltd.. Woolworths, 2016. Corporate Governance. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Corporate_Governance/ [Accessed 12 August 2016]. Woolworths, 2016. Woolworths Group Privacy Policy. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us/privacy-policy [Accessed 10 August 2016]. woolworthslimited, 2009. Woolworths to enter $24 billion hardware sector. pp.1-9. Wowlink, 2016. Regulatory Requirements. [Online] Available at: https://www.wowlink.com.au/wps/portal/topic_centre?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/cmgt/wcm/connect/Content%20Library%20-%20WOWLink/WOWLink/Topic%20Centre/StandardsCompliance/WQA/RegulatoryRequirements [Accessed 08 August 2016].

Organization Management

Introduction Organizations are reflective of a conglomeration of different factors within and outside its setting. The success of any organizations is always accredited to the good leadership style employed by the top executives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the performance of an organization depends upon a variety of factors including internal as well as external factors. Internal factors may include management strategy adopted by the company while external factors entail issues such as government policy, competition and globalization, as well as the general environment within which an organization operates. Top managers perform a pivotal role in the management of any organization through their role of devising strategies as well as formulating policies guiding the company’s operations towards achieving the set goals and objectives (Hans on, 2008; Sadler, 2003). Besides, they also have a mandate of directing and coordinating the overall operations of companies. Through their controlling and leading role, the managers are responsible for allocating resources to various departments in addition to leading the other people in the management team to effectively carry out their duties. Consequently, the top managers greatly affect the performance of the organizations. However, other stakeholders such as management team, government as well as the industry are equally important in the performance of the firm (Hooke, 2010). Internal factors affecting the performance of a company The strategic leadership theory holds some facts as far as the link between top managers and organizational image and performance is concerned. To begin with, the executive managers are involved in offering leadership roles that propel the performance of their organizations. As leaders, the executive managers design the company goals and objectives t hat are meant to steer the operations of the firm (Hooke, 2010). Furthermore, the managers formulate policies as well as devising strategies to ensure that the designed goals and objectives are achieved. The company is therefore governed by the policies formulated as well as strategies adopted by these managers (Minichilli et al, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The policies therefore govern every facet of the company operations including relationship among the employees within the company, their relations with the superiors as well as the customers. Consequently, the operations of an organization are immensely affected and so is its performance (Minichilli et al, 2010). On the other hand, strategies adopted by the executive managers also have direct impact on the performance of an organization (Richard, 2009; Sadler, 2003). According to Richard well informed managers have the ability to shape the organization they lead (16). The management strategies implemented determines to a large extent the competitiveness of a firm compared to its opponents in the industry. Hitt et al (2009) argue that a company’s competitive ability is enhanced when the managers establish as well as implement strategies that add value to the company (4). For instance, such competition was witnessed between Airbus and Boeing where both the companies adopted different competitive strategies to not only survive in the market but also make profits. Airbus introduced super jumbo with a large capacity while its competitor chose a medium-sized plane with a passenger capacity but efficient thereby winning the competitive battle (Hitt et al, 2009). Generally, Richard concludes that such authority to make decisions on behalf of the company is only left for the top managers in centralized organizational systems but delegated to lower organizational levels in decentralized syst ems (Richard, 2009). Executive managers are also bestowed with an important role of controlling the allocation of resources within the organization. They therefore have the authority over the distribution and allocation of resources to the various company departments (Jing and Avery, 2008). Well-informed managers would ensure equitable distribution of such resources which in turn improve the performance of the farm as each department’s requirements is taken care of. However, poor resource allocation would create scarcity of such vital requirements in some departments thereby impacting negatively on the organizational performance (Jing and Avery, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The executive managers are therefore conferred with the authority and power to allocate essential resources as well as create rules that govern such allocation. Consequ ently, the top managers have a direct impact on the performance of a company. However, Golsorkhi et al (2010) takes a different perspective concerning such powers (111). They argue that the managers’ power is regulated by the norms of a proper conduct as shared by their counterparts as well as junior employees within the organization (Golsorkhi et al, 2010). They reiterate the interdependence of organizational structure and the agency as stipulated in the structural theory. According to the theory, the resources are controlled by the existing rules and regulations which happen to form a social system (Golsorkhi et al, 2010). External factors affecting the performance of a company The performance and reputation of a company is also accredited to other factors apart from the management strategies adopted by the top managers. These external forces may force the companies to adopt certain strategies that would affect their performance positively or worse still, negatively. At the outset, political forces may compel an organization to adhere to the laid laws such as tax laws and environmental compliance (Ofosu-Amaah, 2000). These legislations will shape the company to be socially as well as environmentally friendly hence improving its public image and reputation (Ofosu-Amaah, 2000). Moreover, governments may decide to offer subsidies to organization in which they have ownership in an attempt to increase their productivity as well as sustain employment in those companies. For instance, nations such as France, Spain and Germany have acquired ownership in the Airbus thereby ensuring that the company prospers in business thereby curbing the heightened unemployment rate (Hitt et al, 2009). However, elevated taxes levied on the organizations may eject them from their operations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, ecological perspective refutes the fact that organizational success is wholly accredited to the top managers but to the environment within which the organization operates. The environment here may include such factors as globalization and competition (Pine and Davies, 1999). In the recent past, there has been an augmented interdependence between different economies as well as organizations. Such relations have improved the performance of the involved organizations as they can exchange modern management strategies as well as innovations necessary for both their survival as well as profitability. Conversely, competition has impacted on the performance of different organization in the same industry (Pine and Davies, 1999). Through competition, companies have resorted to mergers in order to overcome the business hurdles currently witnessed in the competitive market. Such merger enables the organizations to learn from others’ management strategies as well as tac kle pertinent and complicated issues in the industry together (Hanson, 2008). By adopting other successful organizations’ strategy, the companies in competition are able to improve their performance enormously (Hitt et al, 2009). Conclusion Organizations are reflective of a collection of a variety of factors within and outside its setting. To begin with, the performance of any organization is influenced by the management strategy adopted by the management team as well as other external factors including the general environment within which it operates competition, globalization as well as government policies such as tax laws. Reference List Golsorkhi, Damon et al (2010) Cambridge Handbook of Strategy as Practice. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. Hanson, D. (2008) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and globalization. 3rd edition. Asia Pacific, Thomson. Hitt, Michael et al (2009) Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization: concepts cases. 8th edition. Flo rence. Cengage Learning, Inc. Hooke, Jeffrey (2010) Security Analysis and Business Valuation on Wall Street + Companion Web Site: A Comprehensive Guide to Today’s Valuation Methods. 2nd edition. New York. John Wiley and Sons. Jing, Fenwick and Avery, Gayle C. (2008) Missing Links In Understanding The Relationship Between Leadership And Organizational Performance. Sidney. Macquarie University. 7(5). 67-78. Minichilli, Alessandro et al (2010) Top Management Teams in Family-Controlled Companies: ‘Familiness’, ‘Faultlines’, and Their Impact on Financial Performance. Journal of Management Studies. 47(2) 205–222. Ofosu-Amaah, Paati (2000) Reforming business-related laws to promote private sector development: the World Bank experience in Africa. Washington DC. World Bank Publications. Pine, Joseph and Davies, Stan (1999) Mass customization: the new frontier in business competition. Harvard. Harvard Business Press. Richard, L. (2009) Organization Theo ry and Design. 10th edition. Florence. Cengage Learning, Inc. 2009 p16. Sadler, Philip (2003) Strategic management. 2nd edition. London. Kogan Page Publishers. This essay on Organization Management was written and submitted by user Aurora Scott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Taming of the Shrew Essay

The Taming of the Shrew Essay William Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew is a lighthearted, slapstick comedy written in the 1590s. This particular era is classified as the Elizabethan era. This famous play has been chiefly based on courtship and the concerns of married life. Both of these characteristics were profoundly relevant to society at this time, in fact this was a society concerned with marriage in general. People living in this era often married for power, land or money rather then for love. Marital disputes became very popular in literature, as this era did not offer any avenues out of an unhappy marriage. The laws and practices of these times also did not allow women to have the same opportunities as men. Women were said to be under the authority of their husbands and society would not allow women to perform in plays. In fact, in this era, men acted out all the male and female roles. Another concern of this society was shrews, that is a woman with a violent, scolding, or nagging temperament. Katherina has demonstrated this idea in the play. Women were expected to act a particular way, and any woman with a willful temperament or who challenged the authority of men, was classified as a shrew. It was for these reasons that men set out to tame their wives into the way society felt they should behave. Taming can be defined as being brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable state. This idea of one taming a shrew is brought out through the main plot of the willful Kate and the equally stubborn Petruchio. Shakespeare has used the idea of deception in his play to reflect the opinions of this society. This idea of deception has been furthered with the use of disguise. Deception can be defined as to give a false impression and to cause to believe what is not true. Shakespeare brings out this deception in his play through the characters. He does this by using a variety of techniques such as disguise. Disguise is defined as being to modify the manner and/or appearance of, in order to prevent recognition. Throughout the play this main idea of deception and disguise is ably bought out through 3 plots. They include the introductory plot of Christopher Sly, the main plot of Petruchio and Kate and the sub-plot of Bianca and her suitors. The first story of deception found in the play concerns Christopher Sly. The first scene opens in an English country alehouse in the late 1500s. Sly has been knocked unconscious as a result of consuming an excessive amount of alcohol. It is at this point that a lord discovers Sly, and he decides it would be very entertaining for him to play a trick on the drunken beggar. Sirs, I will practice on this drunken man. The Lord commands his men to take the sleeping Sly up to his extravagant bedroom and when he awakes, they are to tell him that he is a noble man who has been asleep for many years. Wrappd in sweet clothes, rings put upon his fingers, A most delicious banquet by his bed. The Lord also commands his men to dress Sly in the most sumptuous clothes and to feed him the finest of foods in order to convince Sly that he really is a nobleman. Sly at first is confused as to what is going on, but remains sure of himself and insists that he is not a lord. I am Christopher Sly; call not me honor norlordship. He resists the Lord and his servants and he only relents when he is informed that he has a wife. It is at this point that Sly instantly reverses himself. Am I a lord? And have I such a lady? Sly is so caught up in the fact that he may be able to bed this woman, that he stops contradicting the Lord and his servants. Are you my wife and will not call me husband? My men should call me lord: I am your goodman. Sly becomes oblivious to the situation and his mind is now set on getting this woman into bed. Madam, undress you and come now to bed. His speech also is disguised. Sly eventuates from speaking in prose, to speaking in verse. This is very humorous as verse is usually reserved for those in the higher class of society. Sly uses this technique to make him self appear accomplished and wealthy. Sly is not the only one applying deception within the Introduction. The Lord and his servants have also deceived Sly through the use of disguise. The Lord has done this by forcing Sly to live a life where he is a nobleman, with all the luxuries included. As soon as Sly awoke they began filling his head with nonsense and insisting that he was a wealthy nobleman. Sly was offered the finest of foods and the finest of clothing in order to further this deception and make him truly believe that he is a wealthy Lord. The sub plot of the play involves Bianca and her suitors. This play-within a play is taken place in Padua, Italy. Lucentio, a young gentleman from Verona arrives accompanied by his suitor when he notices Baptista Minola and his two young daughters Bianca and her older sister Kate. BiancaÐ ¢s suitors Gremio and Hortensio accompany them. While standing in the street, Lucentio over hears Baptista say that no one will marry Bianca, until Kate has found a suitor. That is, not bestow my youngest daughter, Before I have a husband for the elder By this point Lucentio has become totally enamored with Bianca and he devises a plan to get closer to Bianca. Lucentio is to disguise himself as a tutor named Cambio while Tranio pretends to be Lucentio. It is obvious that this is an element of deception. Lucentio and Tranio have purposely disguised themselves in order to deceive Kate, Bianca, Baptista and the other suitors. They have used different clothing in order to accomplish this. This is where the third, and main plot of the play begins. Biancas suitors realize that they will not be able to ask for her hand unless they find a suitable suitor for her stubborn sister Kate. Petruchio, also from Verona, has arrived in Padua for one sole reason. To find himself a wife whom does a large dowry accompany. He does not care if she is a shrew or not. Hortensio, another gentlemen also in want of Biancas hand, agrees to introduce Petruchio to Kate. All three men, Hortensio, Gremio and Lucentio (posing as Tranio) agree to assist him in gaining access to the younger daughter. Petruchio goes directly to Baptista is completely upfront with his intentions. He tells Baptista that he wealthy and Baptista welcomes Petruchios offer. But Petruchio must first win Kates love. Petruchio is certain that he can do so. When Petruchio and Kate first meet, they flirt and take it in turns in verbally challenging each other. Kate continues to act shrewish and Petruchio claims that Kate is in love with him. The wedding plans begin and Biancas suitors move in. Tranio/Lucentio promises enormous riches for Bianca, but Baptista wishes to mean Tranio/Lucentios father in order to confirm this. Therefore Tranio/Lucentio must find a suitable man to pose as Vincentio. The disguise and deception falls deeper and deeper as the plot continues. Not only do these young gentleman have to act as if they were someone else, but now Tranio/Lucentio must find another gentleman to act as his father in order for him to have Biancas hand. The whole wedding party has gathered for the event, except for the groom. Kate begins to show signs of humiliation. Now must the world point at poor Katherine, And say, Lo, there is mad Petruchios wife, If it would please him come and marry her!' This is significant as it is the first time, we the audience see Kate showing any signs of emotion. When Petruchio eventually decides to make an appearance, his dress and behavior are both outrageous. Baptista objects to this and Petruchio replies that To me shes married, not unto my clothes and then proceeds to take Kate off to the wedding. It seems that Petruchios state of mind has reversed. Previously he has been honest and upfront in his actions. Now he deceiving Kate by playing games and acting like someone he isnt. He uses disguise to emphasize the fact that Kate is here to marry him, and not his clothing. Once the wedding ceremony is completed Petruchio will not allow Kate to stay for the wedding feast. Instead he drags her from her fathers house. The journey from Baptistas to Petruchios house is not a pleasant one. The couple arrives tired, dirty, cold and hungry. Petruchio temps Kate with the finest of foods, but Petruchio is outraged and claims that the supper is unfit. He decides the pair will fast, and they pack up and go to bed. It is at this point that Petruchio admits he is going to tame his new wife like a falcon. He plans to deprive her of sleep, food and sex and claims he will be doing this all in loving care. Therefore killing her with kindness. Petruchio has rises up to the challenge and begins acting as a reflection of Kate. He is rude, stubborn and willful. All the characteristics Katerina once possessed. He has in turn, deceived Kate by not acting him self, rather someone he certainly is not. Meanwhile Hortensio and Tranio/Lucentio give up their quest for Biancas hand when they find Lucentio/Cambio kissing her. Bianca is now engaged to Lucentio/Cambio. It seems the battle for Biancas hand is over. The next day Petruchio announces that the couple will be returning to Padua for Biancas wedding. Katerina is excited for she hopes for new clothes. Petruchio again teases Kate by saying that the clothes are hideous and they will certainly not do. O mercy, God! What miscuing stuff is here? The couple will return to Padua, dressed as they are. Well, come, my Kate; we will unto your fathers Even in these honest mean habiliments: After all, tis the mind that makes the body rich; Petruchio again is stamping his authority. He is sending a message to Kate that he is in charge, and if she wants any chance of happiness, she must agree with him. Whilst walking back to Padua, Petruchio declares that the moon is shinny brightly, when in reality it is the sun. Kate contradicts her husband stating this, and he will not have it. He threatens that the pair will return home and not attend the wedding. At last, Katerina understands the point and states that it is the moon or the sun, or whatever he wishes it to be. What you will have it named, even that it is; The mood calls for celebration, but before Petruchio and Kate return to Baptistas, Petruchio demands a kiss from his wife. It seems that the battle is over. Back at the house, everyone claims that Petruchio has the worst of wives. Petruchio then suggests that they make a bet and she whos wife, in turn is the most obedient towards her husband. When Bianca and the Widow are called they refuse to come, but when Kate is summoned, she not only attends to her husband, but she also lectures the other wives on how they should behave towards their husbands. Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee. Kate has come along way from the beginning of the play; it appears that Kate has been tamed. Her attitude has completely changed, and her willful and stubborn behavior completely disappeared. Petruchio has succeeded in giving her a taste of her own medicine, and in turn molded her into a gentlewoman. Or has he? From this it can been seen that Shakespeare has used many levels of deception and disguise through out his play The taming of the shrew. So is this another level of deception? Has Kate really been tamed or is she simply playing along in a game with Petruchio once again? You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on   The Taming of the Shrew topics from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers.

Lemon Juice and Baking Soda Reaction Project

Lemon Juice and Baking Soda Reaction Project The lemon fizz project is a fun bubbly science experiment using kitchen ingredients that’s ideal for kids to try. Lemon Fizz Materials Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)Lemon juice or a lemon cut into quartersLiquid dishwashing soap (e.g., Dawn or Joy)Food coloring (optional)Spoon or strawNarrow glass or cup The Lemon Fizz Project Put a spoonful (about a teaspoon) of baking soda into a glass.Stir in a squirt of dishwashing liquid.Add a drop or two of food coloring, if you want colored bubbles.Squeeze lemon juice into the mixture or pour in lemon juice. Other citrus fruit juices work too, but lemon juice seems to work the best. As you stir the juice into the baking soda and detergent, bubbles will form that will start to push up and out of the glass.You can extend the reaction by adding more lemon juice and baking soda.The bubbles are long-lasting. You cant drink the mixture, but you can still use it for washing dishes. How It Works The sodium bicarbonate of the baking soda reacts with the citric acid in lemon juice to form carbon dioxide gas. The gas bubbles are trapped by the dishwashing soap, forming fizzy bubbles.

Journal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal - Coursework Example Revolutionizing the communication industry has completely changed the way that humans across the world interact with each other. We have developed from the point where paper messages would have to be carried, sometimes taking weeks to reach the recipient, to being able to communicate halfway across the world instantly. This has given humanity a huge advantage. It allows for globalization of the economy, collaboration for scientific and other research as well as strategic movements of large military forces or just the simple hello to a relative that lives far away (Parker, 2005). The implementation of technology has had a great impact on society as a whole. Human behavior has been influenced by communications technology. Society has developed based on efficiency and a fast paced environment due to the fact that information is now readily available via networks, internet, etc. As a result, our generation lives in one where everything is expected quickly. Compared to about thirty years ago, the efficiency of industry and business has increased as well as learning in institutions due to the implementation of better and faster computers and internet (FitzGerald, & Dennis, 2009).

Marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing research - Essay Example ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Marketing Research Project: Coffee Shops – A Pilot Usage and Attitude Study Introduction: Coffee shops are commonly defined as establishments that primarily serve prepared coffee along with light snacks. From a cultural point of view, coffee shops serves as centres of social interaction where individuals especially youths are provided with a place to congregate, talk, read, write, entertain one another. As defined by Mintel (2009), coffee shops are shops where â€Å"coffee is the primary sales item. They are based on the European and North American coffee shop models, typified by Starbucks, Costa Coffee, Cafe Nero and Coffee Republic and offer a wide variety and different types of coffee, e.g. cappuccino, latte, mocha, etc. Other items are usually on sale, such as pastries, tea, coffee beans, etc. Ho wever, the food offer may be restricted.† Further, the operational venues of these coffee shops are also of relevance: â€Å"Coffee shops include venues such as individual stores, kiosks and concessions. These may operate in a number of locations – motorway service areas (MSAs), health clubs and hospitals, for example. However, they must be independent of the facility they are located in.† (Mintel, 2009) This paper briefly addresses the report of a pilot study on the usage and attitude of coffee consumers, especially young consumers. The data collection for the survey report has mainly been conducted in big coffee shop brand names such as Starbucks and Costa Coffee from the localities of London. The data was collected from 20 young people aged 18 and above, along with a well-structured questionnaire designed on the basis of the usage and attitude of the young coffee consumers. Moreover, the paper looks into the broader picture of coffee shops market in the UK. It briefly provides the current scenario of the UK coffee shops market, which is now considered a booming market contributing remarkably to the UK economy. While competition is getting tougher, the usage and attitude of the young coffee consumers are becoming significantly essential for the coffee shops in order to accomplish competitive advantage. Methodology: Coffee shops are growing faster and wider, thanks to the novel process of globalisation. With the level of market competition growing fast, there is also a growing need of more variables to be included in the market analysis of coffee shops. The study included in this paper is a pilot survey designed to test the questionnaire and the survey approach and to produce some exploratory information which may be of interest to marketing decision makers. The survey conducted for the purpose comprised of 20 young people (aged 18 and above) and students, to be administered by respondent self-completion. In order to explain the behavioura l and attitudinal information of the young consumers of coffee shops, the survey has collected data from both males and females, and coffee shop users and non-users as well. Research objectives:

Crimes Against Humanity Essay Example for Free

Crimes Against Humanity Essay Saddam Hussein Iraq, a country found in Southwest Asia bordered by Syria, Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, has been constantly featured in the news in recent years. Iraq received its freedom from Britain following World War I in 1932 and in 1958 was converted into a republic (Iraq). However, since becoming a republic, Iraq has been controlled by military leaders from Abdul-Karim Quassim to Saddam Hussein (Iraqi Rulers’ Page). The most recent ruler of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, leader of the Ba’ath political party, drew attention to the country with his various crimes against humanity. From his ascension to power in 1979 to his execution December 30, 2006, he has been responsible for numerous atrocities, including, but not limited to, executions of communists, murders of Shiite Muslims, tortures and killings of political prisoners in the Abu Ghraib prison, Hussein’s most frequently used prison for tortures and murders (Kadragic 85), the Iran-Iraq war, murders of ethnic Kurds, the Gulf War, destruction of Iraq’s marshes, and therefore the destruction of marsh Arabs’ habitats and homes, the control of news as propaganda (The New Global Society), and the deaths of many others. After a rough childhood living with his mother, three stepbrothers, and an awful and immoral stepfather, Hussein moved to live with his uncle, who was an Arab nationalist, when his uncle was freed from jail in 1947 (Saddam Hussein). It was his uncle who introduced Hussein to politics (Saddam Hussein). Hussein joined the Arab Ba’ath Socialist Party at the age of 20 in 1957 (Saddam Hussein). He started out as a member of low importance whose chief duty was to organize and fuel riots among his classmates (Saddam Hussein). In 1959 he was promoted to the assassination squad (Saddam Hussein). October 7, 1959, he, along with the rest of the squad, attempted, but failed, to assassinate Abdul Karim-Quassim (Saddam Hussein). This failed attempt resulted in Hussein receiving a shot in the leg and exiling himself from Iraq for over three years to escape prison (Saddam Hussein Ex President of Iraq). Only when the Ba’ath Party staged a coup and took over the Iraqi government in 1963 did Saddam return to the country. However, the Ba’ath Party only remained in power for nine months and Hussein was arrested in 1964 for his affiliation with the Ba’ath regime’s attempt to regain power (Saddam Hussein). During his eighteen months in prison before his escape in July 1996, Hussein was tortured as well as named a member of Ba’ath Party’s National Arab Leadership in 1965 (Saddam Hussein). Hussein gradually gained power in the party, becoming Deputy-Secretary General of the Ba’ath Party Leadership September 1966, and being a key leader in the July 17, 1968 coup that overthrew the Iraqi monarchy and made Hussein’s second cousin, Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, the Iraqi president (Saddam Hussein). Following this incident, Hussein was made Vice President of Iraq (Saddam Hussein). Eventually, Hussein forced al-Bakr to resign and took over the position as president of Iraq (Saddam Hussein). The first crime committed under the rule of Saddam Hussein was the execution of 7,000 Iraqi communists that began the year of 1978 and lasted until 1979 (Saddam Era: The Death Toll). Hussein was not in charge of the Ba’athist regime during 1978, but was in power for the latter part of the brutal executions carried out against the communists of Iraq. Though the Ba’ath Party was vaguely built on the idea socialism in the 1940’s and the Iraqi Ba’ath Party of Saddam’s time had an important alliance with the Soviet Union, the Ba’aths of Saddam’s time were very much opposed to communism. The execution of the Iraqi communists strained the Ba’athist Party’s relationship with the Soviet Union considerably. In the 1980’s Saddam had 148 male Shiites murdered in the village of Dujail. This crime in particular is the atrocity that Saddam was convicted and executed for December of 2006. The motivation for this crime was the attempted assassination of Hussein while he traveled through the small town of Dujail. After said attempt at assassination, almost 800 people, women and children included, were detained. An unspecified number were tortured during the period of time in which they were detained. 400 of those detained were sent to internal exile in a southern part of Iraq, away from their homes in Dujail. The aforementioned 148 men and boys were convicted of some crime, sentenced to death, and executed in 1985 (Judging Dujail: The First Trial before the Iraqi High Tribunal). During the 1980’s Saddam instigated the Iran-Iraq war. This war lasted from 1980 to 1989 and was the cause of nearly 1. 7 million deaths of both Iranians and Iraqis (Saddam Era: The Death Toll). Saddam’s motivation for this war was his fear that the new radical leadership of Iran would upset the Sunni-Shia balance in Iraq (Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)). As the Shia Muslims of Iraq are concentrated on and around Iraq’s only access to a body of water, a fifty-eight kilometer coast on the Persian Gulf, dissension among Iraq’s Shia population would cut off Iraq’s access to water, effectively limiting Iraq’s ability to trade as far as exporting and importing goods by ship (Muslim Distribution (Sunni and Shia)). Another of the many influential factors that prompted Saddam to initiate the bloody war was water claims to the Shatt al-Arab waterway which serves as part of the boundary between Iraq and Iran (Iran-Iraq War and Waterway Claims). Again, the Shatt al-Arab is Iraq’s only waterway to the Persian Gulf and is vital to the country as a means for transporting goods. During the Iran-Iraq War, a Kurdish Iraqi, Masoud Barzani, leader of the KDP (Kurdistan Democratic Party), along with the KDP, sided with the Iranians (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). The Kurdish Democratic Party was an ethnic Kurdish revolutionary political party that actively fought against the Ba’athist regime (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). As retaliation for their actions, Hussein had around 8,000 KDP members, including defenseless women and children, abducted in 1983 (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). Though many remain unfound, thousands are known to have been murdered and are now located in mass graves along with thousands of fellow victims (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). In 1984 about 4,000 political prisoners were tortured and murdered in Abu Ghraib prison. Saddam used this particular prison as a center for tortures and killings. Some of Hussein’s favorite methods of torture included castration, eye gouging, and acid baths. Mass killings at an Iraqi prison occurred again from 1993 to 1996 when 3000 prisoners were killed by machine gun at Mahjar prison in central. That was one of the last crimes committed under Saddam’s rule before he went into hiding Baghdad (Saddam Era: The Death Toll). The al-Anfal campaign, known by many as genocide, was one of the cruelest and bloodiest initiatives taken by Saddam Hussein. It lasted from 1986-1989 and resulted in the brutal deaths of about 182,000 Kurds, a group of people that make up Iraq’s largest non-Arab ethnic minority (A Kurd from Salah ad Din). Hussein may have felt that the Kurds were a threat to the Sunni, Arab Iraqis as the Kurds are generally Shiites and make up about 19 per cent of the Iraqi population (A Kurd from Salah ad Din). Also, many Kurds were concentrated in Kirkuk, an area of Iraq that is very rich in oil (A Kurd from Salah ad Din). Hussein commanded that any living organism in the Kurdish territory in northern Iraq be killed. Chemical weapons were implemented in carrying this out. Previously, Iraq had been the only country, besides the Soviet Union, known to tolerate the Kurds and their cultural differences. Though Iraq instituted arabization as a way to suppress and contain Kurdish nationalism, the Kurdish people were not persecuted on a large scale by Arab Iraqis until the rise of the Ba’athist regime (Shelton 636). In 1988, however, a campaign named Operation Anfal, anfal meaning spoils of war, was initiated and more than 182,000 Kurds were killed with the use of chemical weapons or buried alive in mass graves (Shelton 636) (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). In addition, 4,006 villages were utterly destroyed, displacing thousands of Kurdish villagers, and many were arrested and made to live in extremely unhealthy conditions (Shelton 636). In a small town called Halabja alone, 5,000 people were killed with a mixture of mustard gas and a nerve agent called sarin that was dropped from planes on March 16, 1988 (Kurds Look Back with Fear) (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). There is evidence that the chemicals used against the Kurds are still affecting people today, as there have been increasing amounts of birth defects, and cases of cancer, respiratory ailments, miscarriages, eye problems, skin problems, and other medical disorders in the affected areas, like the town of Halabja (Kurds Look Back with Fear). People who survived the attacks have recently developed problems that doctors attribute to the chemicals used in the attacks (Kurds Look Back with Fear). The Gulf War was a short war that started on January 16, 1991 several months after Iraq’s invasion of its neighboring country of Kuwait in August 2 of 1990(Saddam Era: The Death Toll) (Gulf War). The invasion of Kuwait occurred after the Iraq and Kuwait’s disputes over oil production and the debts that Iraq owed Kuwait for Kuwait’s aid in the Iraq-Iran war (Gulf War). The war ended when President Bush Sr. rdered a cease fire on February 27, 1991 (Gulf War). Hussein’s objectives in invading Kuwait are said to have been to force the smaller country to pardon the debts owed to it by Iraq, to acquire Kuwait in order to obtain Kuwait’s rich oil fields, and expansion. The justification that Saddam used was that Kuwait was historically part of Iraq in the first place (First Persian Gulf War). The US under the Bush Sr. administration became involved and formed a coalition made up of several Arab countries to achieve a quick victory over Iraq because of fear for Saddam’s ulterior motives. It is estimated that 25,000 Iraqi troops and as many as 200,000 civilians died as a result of the Gulf War (Saddam Era: The Death Toll). Also, many Iraqis civilians suffered because of a lack of food, as a UN trade embargo was put on Iraq when it invaded Kuwait (First Persian Gulf War). After the US won the Gulf War in 1991, Shiites, a Muslim religious minority in Iraq, and the ethnic Kurds were encouraged by the US to rebel against Saddam and the Ba’athist regime. However, when Saddam killed more than 100,000 Shiites and made more 200,000 Marsh Arabs homeless or dead, US support was nonexistent (Saddam Era: The Death Toll). Saddam is said to have ordered 2,000 Kurdish rebels to be killed each day (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). The Marsh Arabs were made homeless when Saddam began having Iraq’s marshlands intentionally and ruthlessly drained by 30 dams after the 1991 Gulf War, causing the marshes to dry up and practically decimating the way of life of thousands of marsh Arabs that has existed for at least 5,000 years (Hassig and al-Adely 46). Iraq’s marshlands now make up less than 770 square miles of Iraq, when they once had an area 7,700 square miles, meaning that 95% of Iraq’s marshes have been destroyed (Hassig and al-Adely 46). Also, the number of marsh Arabs has decreased from 250,000 to 30,000, but to this day it is unknown how much of the drop is due to migration or starvation, as the lack of food producing marshes means a lack of food (The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein). Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was a truly vile and despicable man for all of the suffering he inflicted on those he was responsible for as the dictator of Iraq. Saddam repeatedly broke rule after rule of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by subjecting prisoners to â€Å"torture or cruel, inhumane punishment,† as he intentionally did with the many tortures committed in the Abu Ghraib jail in particular, by subjecting others to â€Å"arbitrary arrest, detention or exile,† as he did to those of the town of Dujail that were not among the 182 that he killed. In addition, Hussein violated the UDHR by forcing many an Iraqi to be â€Å"arbitrarily deprived of his property† when he decimated the marshes of the marsh Arabs and destroyed 4,006 villages in the Anfal campaign. Furthermore, he violated the UDHR by depriving Iraqis of their â€Å"right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives,† when the Ba’ath Socialist Party took over Iraq’s government by force. Saddam was responsible for several more violations- not only of human rights, but of basic human morality. Saddam’s term of leadership in Iraq from 1979 to 2003 has been an ugly, dark, bloody stain on Iraq’s history.

Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto and Its Impact on Society Essay

Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto and Its Impact on Society According to the humanities based themes, autonomy and responsibility are defined as â€Å"the individual person has the ability to make choices; with those choices comes a responsibility for the consequences of those choices.† [i] This can be related to the Communist Manifesto, which was written by Karl Marx in the 1800’s. Even deeper though, it correlates the class struggles that were apparent in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Marx knew there was a division of classes; the bourgeoisie was the wealthy upper class and they proletariats were the lower working classes of Europe. This is where the theme of autonomy and responsibility steps in and plays a role in the changes that were made in society. The proletariats recognized that they were treated unfairly, which led them to the decision of stepping up and taking a stand. Through the Communist Manifesto, they took responsibility and attained the equality they felt they deserved. The problem with society during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was the equality of all persons was few and far between. The bourgeoisie was in control of all the power and the proletariats were basically under their control. It was as if the bourgeoisie â€Å"originated out of the old medieval peasant class, in opposition to the medieval titled aristocracy.† [ii] They had taken over everything; the oppressed class lived by their rules and ways of life. Their way of life was not a happy one; family was based upon money instead of love. â€Å"Capital developed in the same proportion as the class of laborers developed.† ii Life then seemed simple for those living the life of the bourgeoisie, b... ...http://www.as.udayton.edu/hbase/themes.htm > (10 Mar 2002). [ii] Marx, Karl. â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party. I. Bourgeois and Proletarians.† 4 May 2002. (10 Mar 2002). [iii] Elizondo, Sonny. â€Å"Classic Note on Communist Manifesto.† 17 July 2000. (10 Mar 2002). [iv] Elizondo, Sonny. â€Å"Classic Note on Communist Manifesto.† 17 July 2000. (10 Mar 2002). Other links: http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~socappeal/150years/ http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/sources/communist.html http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/hum_303/manifesto.html

This Is My Playes Last Scene

How has Donne used characteristics typical of metaphysical poetry to convey his ideas in â€Å"Holy Sonnet: ‘This is my playes last scene’? † This is my playes last scene is one of Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnets’ embodying spiritual pain and struggling faith in Christianity. Numerous biblical allusions and morbid tone that are typical of metaphysical poetry, convey Donne’s fear of death and religious scepticism. The opening four lines depict the last moments of the speaker’s life through metaphoric comparisons. The comparison â€Å"playes last scene† suggests the speaker is searching for an end that is meaningful and fulfilling.Christian imagery in â€Å"pilgrimage’s last mile† places this envisioned end in religious context, as a pilgrimage to the site of treasured holy relics is representative of Donne’s path to unfaltering devotion, to God. A paradoxical phrase ‘idly, yet quickly run’ expresses t he speaker’s hesitance on the way to achieving this believed end to life. The addition of the comparisons â€Å"span’s last inch† and â€Å"minute’s latest point† enhances the cumulative listing of comparisons and dramatises the speaker’s fear of death.The startling personification â€Å"gluttonous death† portrays Donne’s morbid paranoia of the brief moment when body and soul become â€Å"unjoint†. The speaker’s life is dichotomised; his body shall â€Å"sleep a space†, his soul shall â€Å"see that face†, a Christian image of God’s omnipotence imparting judgement on the speaker. The ninth line witnesses a direct confidence in the speaker’s tone â€Å"as my soul, to heaven her first seat†. More prominently featured â€Å"So, fall my sins†, the immutable tone conveys a false reassurance, whereby the speaker actually pleas helplessly for God’s will and judgement.The i mperative voice in â€Å"Impute me righteous† forcefully channels the persona’s imploration to receive God’s judgement and have so-called righteousness imputed. The precise word â€Å"impute† makes another religious reference to the Christian understanding of attributing unearned qualities in an act of grace. The finality of the sonnet is epitomised by the poetic triplet â€Å"the world, the flesh and devil†, which alludes to the three sinful temptations as it was known in the context of Donne’s time.It enhances the prayer made by the speaker to be purged of sinful thoughts and acts, by godly intervention that would finally allow him to reach a transcendental state. Ultimately, Donne questions the Christian faith, and commands God’s mercy and judgement by Christian imagery and references to Biblical passages. He expresses despair about his salvation, and reveals his fear of death in a sensitive meditation. As such, the poem is an exem plary display of typical metaphysical characteristics.

Outcomes of the Crusades

The â€Å"Crusades† was a military campaign of Christians in Western Europe whose purpose is to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Roman Catholic Church stimulated most of the support for the war, showing its intolerance to both Islam and Orthodox Christianity. Although religious in nature, the Crusades had become a bloody frenzy. Six military campaigns comprised the period, starting from the First Crusade in 1096, inspired by Pope Urban II, and ending in the Sixth Crusade in 1254, led by the king of France, King Louis IX.To this day, the Crusades is still a controversial because of the military excesses during the battles. However, many outcomes came out of the movement: First, the European horizon expanded; second, the encounters with the different cultures promoted learning as well as commerce between different civilizations; third, as a result of the eastern influence, there was growth in western scholasticism and philosophy; and fourth, it sparked a dangerous con cept adapted in monarchy and politics. Among the noted significance of the first crusades was the increased contacts between the Europeans and the Byzantines and Muslims.During this time, the Byzantine was already beginning to decline and Islam was not as powerful as it once was, although still a formidable force. As regards the original intention of the Crusades, the Christians' success of having Jerusalem under their control never reached permanence. However, the first crusades effected the expansion of Europe, meaning it gained more strength than other competing civilizations did. Moreover, there became a balance of power between the Muslims and the Christians.During the First Crusade, supporters of the movement, such as those from Pisa and Genoa, sailed the Mediterranean Sea to bring help to Jerusalem. As a result, the sea was again reopened to western shipping, and, in turn, communication was reestablished between the east and west. Although at several points the Christians rul ed over the Holy Land, Muslims were able to conquer it again in the 12th century. However, the Christians continued to hold power over the sea. Thus, the ports in the countries such as Levant in the border of the sea were under their control.The number of commercial establishments grew rapidly in the ports of Syria and Egypt, and the Christians held autonomy over operations in the areas of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, which were originally controlled by the Saracens (Riley-Smith 85). The sea routes were open for trade, allowing products of Asia to come in. In short, the Crusades opened the lines of communication and exchange of knowledge between the eastern and western civilizations through the trade. This made a significant contribution to the development of Europe in terms of both knowledge and economy.Some of the practices of Muslim science, literature and philosophy, as well as medicine had found its way to Christian tradition (Riley-Smith 87). In time, the crusading movements were divided into two groups: the external Crusades and the internal Crusades. The former was directed mainly against Muslims, whereas the latter was a war against the perceived enemies of the Christian world. Unfortunately, the development of the internal Crusades enforced a violent thinking—that is, violence is sanctified in ideological pursuits.The Crusades was originally a war to retrieve the Holy Land, but the concept of sanctified violence extended to the monarchy and the political sphere. What used to be the holy cause of defending the Church became a moral duty of defending the state (Riley-Smith 90). Indeed, the Crusades was a crucial moment in history, and one that people can learn from. That is, the good things that came out of it should be emulated, and its detrimental effects should serve as a warning to modern society. Works Cited Riley-Smith, Jonathan. â€Å"The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading†. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1991. 85 -96.

mp3 essays

mp3 essays The trading of MP3's or digital music over the Internet is all ways going to be an important part of the music industry, and is an unrealistic goal to try to control. The cost of controlling the piracy issues over the Internet would cost record companies more money than what they are losing due to MP3 trading. The record industry is trying to fight the major sites and companies in court with copyright suits. Quinlan states Although downloading music over the Internet and playing it back on computer or portable digital music players has become increasingly popular, major record labels have been slow to embrace distribution over the Web because of the difficulty in preventing unauthorized and unpaid copying of songs. MP3 is a file format which compresses audio files to efficiently store the audio data in files that can be easily downloaded on the Internet. MP3 files are identified by the file extension MP3 and require specialized players which decompress the files and then play the audio files like a regular CD. For all practical purposes, MP3 files can be exact, near-perfect digital copies of the original recorded material. In other words, an MP3 file is a near-perfect copy of a CD and can be stored on a computer or other data storage media. MP3 shrinks audio files in such a way that sound quality is preserved, but the file size is significantly smaller than it would be as a regular CD song file. This means you are able to download an entire song in only a few minutes. After that, you can play the song instantly, as many times as you want, regardless of your modem speed! Kimmel states Quite simply, the technology behind the MP3 audio format allows for high compression ratio and CD- quality sound. An MP3 file compresses a sound file to one-twelfth its MP3 has made it possible to download quality audio from the Web very quickly, causing it to become a worldwide auditi...

The Friendship Story of Damon and Pythias

The Friendship Story of Damon and Pythias Turn of  the 20th-century storyteller James Baldwin included the story of Damon and Pythias (Phintias) in his collection of 50 famous stories children should know [See Learning Lessons From the Past]. These days, the story is more likely to appear in a collection showing the contributions of ancient gay men or on the stage, and not so much in childrens storybooks. The story of Damon and Pythias shows true friendship and self-sacrifice, as well as concern for family, even in the face of death. Perhaps its time to try to revive it. Damon and Pythias endured either the father or the same despotic ruler as Damocles of the sword hanging on a slender thread-fame, which is also in Baldwins collection. This tyrant was Dionysius I of Syracuse, an important city in Sicily, which was part of the Greek area of Italy (Magna Graecia). As is true of the story of the Sword of Damocles, we can look to Cicero for an ancient version. Cicero describes the friendship between Damon and Pythias in his De Officiis III. Dionysius was a cruel ruler, easy to run afoul of. Either Pythias or Damon, young philosophers in the school of Pythagoras (the man who gave his name to a theorem used in geometry), ran into trouble with the tyrant and wound up in prison. This was in the 5th century. Two centuries earlier there had been a Greek named Draco, an important law-giver in Athens, who had prescribed death as the penalty for theft. When asked about his seemingly extreme punishments for relatively minor crimes, Draco said he regretted there was no punishment more serious for more heinous crimes. Dionysius must have agreed with Draco since execution appears to have been the intended fate of the philosopher. It is, of course, remotely possible that the philosopher had engaged in a serious crime, but it hasnt been reported, and the reputation of the tyrant is such that it is easy to believe the worst. Before the one young philosopher was scheduled to lose his life, he wanted to put his familys affairs in order  and asked leave to do so. Dionysius assumed he would run away and initially said no, but then the other young philosopher said he would take his friends place in the prison, and, should the condemned man not return, he would forfeit his own life. Dionysius agreed  and was then greatly surprised when the condemned man returned in time to face his own execution. Cicero doesnt indicate that Dionysius released the two men, but he was duly impressed with the friendship exhibited between the two men and wished he could join them as a third friend. Valerius Maximus, in the 1st century A.D. does say that Dionysius released them and kept them near him ever after. [See Valerius Maximus: The History of Damon and Pythias, from De Amicitiae Vinculo or read the Latin 4.7.ext.1.] Below you may read the story of Damon and Pythias in the Latin of Cicero, followed by an English translation that is in the public domain. [45] Loquor autem de communibus amicitiis; nam in sapientibus viris perfectisque nihil potest esse tale. Damonem et Phintiam Pythagoreos ferunt hoc animo inter se fuisse, ut, cum eorum alteri Dionysius tyrannus diem necis destinavisset et is, qui morti addictus esset, paucos sibi dies commendandorum suorum causa postulavisset, vas factus est alter eius sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset ipsi. Qui cum ad diem se recepisset, admiratus eorum fidem tyrannus petivit, ut se ad amicitiam tertium adscriberent.[45] But I am speaking here of ordinary friendships; for among men who are ideally wise and perfect such situations cannot arise.They say that Damon and Phintias, of the Pythagorean school, enjoyed such ideally perfect friendship, that when the tyrant Dionysius had appointed a day for the execution of one of them, and the one who had been condemned to death requested a few days respite for the purpose of putting his loved ones in the care of friends, the other became surety for his appearance, with the understanding that if his friend did not return, he himself should be put to death. And when the friend returned on the day appointed, the tyrant in admiration for their faithfulness begged that they would enrol him as a third partner in their friendship.M. Tullius Cicero. De Officiis. With An English Translation. Walter Miller. Cambridge. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass., London, England. 1913.

Tourism Industry in Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism Industry in Arizona - Essay Example But overall the tradition leisure and recreation tourism activities have remained core to the growth of the industry. Tourism has been one of the growing industries in Tucson, Arizona. It is one of the rapidly growing industries in the state having been ranked third in revenue. Tucson metropolitan attracts more that 3.5 million tourists every year which is one of the highest tourism numbers in the region. There are diversified tourism activities that attract tourism to Tucson from all parts of the world. The region has a good climate and the Sononarn Desert and the majestic mounts that ring the city continue to attract more and more tourist. This has contributed to the robustness of the industry. With an annual 300 days of sunny weather Condition and the natural ability to attract winter tourism from cold climates, Tucson makes one of the bets tourism destinations in Arizona. (Tucson, 2008a) Tourist attraction in Tucson include Saguaro National Park, Arizon-Sonoar Desert Mesuem, Reid Park Zoo, Pima County Fairgrounds, Kino Sport Complex, Old Tucson Studios, Mt. Lemmon Ski Valley, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson Botanical Gardens, Biosphere 2 Center, and others. There are other attraction sites in Tucson but these are the major leading attractions . Source: Tucson, (2008b). Tourism industry Data. Retrieved from http://www.visittucson.org/media/research/tourismdata/ on 23rd May 2008 Tourism companies operating in Tucson The growth of the industry in Tucson has corresponded with increased number of operation and hospitality companies. There are more that 289 local tourist companies in Tucson which absorbs a workforce of more that 44,200 employees. These companies have been contributing to more that $2 billion in revenue which has been a major boost for the economy of Tucson and the larger Arizona state. There are many companies which operate in Tucson offering tourism services. The major companies in the industry include Canyon Ranch Health Resort which employs 855 employees, Metro Restaurant Inc. with a workforce of more that 750, JW Marriot Starr Pass Resort & Spa employs about 696, Loew Ventana Canyon Resort which employs about 589 people, Hilton Tucson El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort employing 555 employees, and The Westin La Panaloma Resort & Spa with a workforce of more that 436 employee. These are the major operators in the industry. However there are other small operators providing the same services but the above are the major players who have been offering stiff competition to one another. Most of them have an international operation. These companies produce various tourism packages. Most of them offer travel services where they take their visitors from one tourism attraction to another. In this case they have the transport section which is concerned with arranging travel series from one area to another. They also offer accommodation services. This is one of the most important functions of the operators in the industry. They offer room accommodations and camp sites where accommodation is offered in cottages and tents. An accommodation service also comes with other in room services including meals, laundry services, and other. Although accommodation ser

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of Essay

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of London Water Supply System - Essay Example The wireless sensor networks are responsible for collecting application data like hydraulic pressure transients, leak detection and monitoring of water quality parameters and levels in combined sewer outflows (CSO). Water supply and sewer networks are detected for leaks, water quality and contamination resulting from sewer overflows. 2. Introduction Most water distribution systems face the challenge of significant water loss through leakage that is translated to economic loss. Reduction in leakage through well strategized actions in water network management translates into economic benefits. Leakage of fresh water can cause severe damage while that of waste water lead to contamination of soil and environment. The clean up process may be very expensive. Catastrophic failures result to environment degradation, loss of human life and production of large masses of demolished waste. Building codes and design methods are used to produce structures safe for public utility. At times, structu res are exposed to harsh conditions through loads and the surrounding not planned for during the design process. These harsh conditions normally produce long-term structural deterioration. Structures, therefore, need continuous assessment through various techniques. The common techniques used are; Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). ... This technique is used to monitor fresh water mains and sewerage pipes. In the technique, the following are observed: a. Failure mechanisms b. Parameters to be measured c. Range, accuracy, resolution and sampling regime for preferred parameters and processes. 3. Case study- London Water Supply System The largest water project responsible for supply of water in London is the Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM). Five different treatment works supply drinking water to more than six million clients. Gravitational force forces the water to eleven pumping stations installed with shafts. The pumping stations are located at southern, central and north-western areas of the metropolis. Delivery is done directly to water supply zones or to service reservoirs. Objectives of water project were determined by many factors. The factors are; Satisfaction of average and peak demands for water in London to cushion leakage through control action plan effects Maintainan quality and acceptable service to client s in regard to pressure Control hazards related to water supply operations to the environment and social life. Maintain and improve water supply infrastructure in London Control cost at short and long term levels in relation to manpower and energy spent in pumping (Bensted, 1994 p.1-4). 4. Failure Mechanisms Damage refers to changes that occur to material or geometric properties of a structure and completely affects its performance. All engineering material used in construction of any system posses inherent initial flaws. Flaws generated from the environment and operational loading develop continuously and lead to component level failure. System level failure results with time due to continuous loading. The duration and time scales

Science applied to adult nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Science applied to adult nursing - Essay Example Whenever he consumed alcohol, he would take huge amount at a time, despite advice from his family doctor to take alcohol in moderation. In the emergency room, he was found to be pale and dehydrated. He had tachycardia (heart rate 120 per minute), high blood pressure (150/110mmHg), diaphoresis and tenderness and gaurding in the epigastric and left hypochondriac region. Respiratory rate was mildly elevated (26 per minute), but there was no breathlessness. Oxygen saturation was normal. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made and patient was shifted to medical intensive care unit for further management. In this essay, the life science patho-physiology of acute pancreatitis will be discussed along with behavioural science as applied to the care-taking nursing staff, including breaking bad news, with reference to the patient. Sam is diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis. Inflammation of the organ pancreas is known as acute pancreatitis. Pancreas is an important gland located in the left upper and posterior aspect of the abdomen. It is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. As an exocrine organ, it produces various digestive enzymes essential for the digestion of protein, fat and carbohydrates. As an endocrine gland, it secretes the hormone insulin essential for glucose metabolism. While 80 percent of the organ is involved in exocrine function, only 20 percent is responsible for endocrine function (Gardner and Berk, 2010). According to Al-Omran et al (2010), "acute pancreatitis is a common hypermetabolic, hyperdynamic disease process of variable severity that has multiple etiologies and creates a catabolic stress state promoting a systemic inflammatory response and nutritional deterioration." Any injury to acinar cells and impairment of secretion of zymogen granules can result in acute pancreatitis. Factors which contribute to acinar damage are gall stones, alcohol abuse and intake of drugs toxic to pancreas. Though it is unclear as to what mechanism triggers the

Purpose Of Education In Singapore

Purpose Of Education In Singapore Education is said to be as old as humanity itself. (Gordon, 1966) All living things, regardless of animal or human origin, are born with a capacity and need to be educated. The genetic makeup of any animal causes it to recognize that educating their offspring plays a crucial role to ensuring their survivability in the wild. Prehistoric human beings realize this too but modern human beings also recognize that in todays complicated world, our purposes for educating our young are far more complex than simply knowing how to gather and hunt for food. Thus, in this essay, I will briefly explore both the selfish and the societal reasons for education in our modern society before delving specifically into the aims of education in Singapore as well as their implications. There is one fundamental limitation to be addressed the aims of education are ever changing. Survivability in todays modern society is defined differently from the past and also differently from the society of the future. Hence, there are no fixed aims of education because our purposes will change along with the current societal needs and mindsets. The question Why do we educate? can be answered from the selfish point of view. Firstly, as human beings, we evolved from animals and are instinctively concerned about our survival. Thus, the most evident reason and aim in pursuing education is for the sake of our livelihoods. This is also known as the bread and butter aim (Gordon, 1966) because we desire to be educated so we can graduate with better qualifications and hence land a better paying job. This utilitarian purpose of education enables people to provide the basic necessities, and possibly luxuries, for themselves. While this practical aim may be important, I believe that there are many other things Man has to live for other than simply money. The other selfish reason is nobler. It is to pursue education for the sake of education. Although it is still a selfish reason, it is in contrast to the livelihood aim because people who believe in this deem education as more than a vehicle for the mere acquisition of knowledge to gain wealth. These are people who have developed an intrinsic motivation for lifelong learning and see that education as a dynamic tool that allows one to think and adapt independently as compared to a static process of memorization. (Gordon, 1966) Other than selfish reasons for education, there are also societys objectives in having its people educated. The first societal purpose of education is to have socially contributive citizens. Ironically, this societal purpose ties in with the selfish purpose for livelihood. In achieving the knowledge, skills and understanding required of us to deal with a specialized and better paying job, we unintentionally play a part in the creation of societys workforce and hence contribute to economic development and growth of the country. (Biesta, 2009) This relates very closely to the educational theory of Essentialism. Essentialism, grounded in philosophies of Idealism and Realism, disregards interests and promote teaching useful knowledge instead for the learner to use in society. In addition, discipline is a key focus in Essentialism as it emphasizes on how the learner is expected to respect legitimate authority to function efficiently in society. (Ellis, 1981) Hence, Essentialism is crucial in creating people who participate effectively in society. Another social intention of education involves character and moral development as emphasized by Aristotle (Homiak, 2007) and by Herbart in the 19th century. Aristotle claims that there are 2 sides to every Man. The baser side involves primal animal instincts of brutality and passion while the humanitarian side involves morality and intellect. The aim of education, Aristotle insists, should be towards developing human character through the humanitarian aspect. (Gordon, 1966) In accordance to Aristotles claims, I personally believe that while we should develop the humanitarian portion, we should focus equally on both the intellectual and moral sections because they are of equal importance and not place greater emphasis on the intellect as our society currently does. The last societal aim of education is for society to create responsible citizens of a country through the development of every child the political agenda behind education. The 2 aspects to this societal aim are the positive and the negative. The positive aspect is what Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of America during her husbands presidency, describes as good citizenship. (Roosevelt, 2008) She illustrates how education is to help a child see and understand the various governmental processes through the government departments of law and legislation along with Americas relationship to the rest of the world. The child, being able to see such things, will see himself as a part of a greater being and understand where his own usefulness may lie. I agree with Roosevelt as National Education is a vital aspect of Singapores education system and this will be elaborated further. The negative aspect however, has roots in the USSR. Lenin, the Communist leader, once expressed: Without teaching, there is no learning. Without learning, there is no knowledge. Without knowledge, there is no Communism. Without Communism, society degenerates into capitalist decay. (Nicholas, 1983) The leadership of the Soviet Union then started to shape its national education programmes to promote Communist propaganda to the children in order to guarantee the security of the Communist ideology. (Nicholas, 1983) This is an example of how a country can use its education system with a political motive to legitimize a particular political doctrine. While the purposes of education are inexhaustible and constantly changing, Singapore has managed to define its own rational of educating her citizens for the 21st century society. As extracted from the Ministry Of Educations (MOE) Website, Singapore has 4 clear Desired Outcomes of Education (Ministry of Education, 2010). They are: Confident person, self directed learner, active contributor and concerned citizen. These 4 desired outcomes of education are adaptations of the purposes of education as discussed above and this essay will only focus on the latter 2. The first desired outcome of education that I am focusing on is the creation of an active contributor. An active contributor is one who cooperates well in a team, takes lead and responsible ventures and is original and competent in his actions. (Ministry of Education, 2010) The reason for this desired outcome of education is Singapore having no natural resources except for her population. Therefore, Singapore, having to rely on her people for economic growth and development, has no margin for mistakes and emphasizes on the need for her people to contribute. This need resulted in several educational policy changes, the most obvious trend being the inclination towards Essentialism. Singapore chooses to adopt a practical and utilitarian approach to education though the Bilingualism Policy in 1966. (Dixon) Learning English aided communication with the Western world and was considered an Industrialization language. In the year 2000, the Mandarin language was promoted in order to help foster economic relations with China. Singapore also privatized education through allowing autonomous and independent schools, created a public ranking of all schools in 1992 (Tan, C. Wong, B. Chua, J.S.M Kang, T, 2006) and started the Thinking Skills, Learning Nation (TSLN) policy in 1997 in recognition that literacy only is not enough to survive economically in the 21st century and highly innovative individuals were crucial too. (Teo, 1997) These 3 policies encourage competition between schools and students for better results and prestige as well as promoting the freedom of ingenuity. These result in Singapore being able to nature the full potential of her citizens, develop an abil ity driven economy and encourage Research and Development, both surmounting to greater economic contribution. These policy changes have significantly impacted Singaporean teachers and students alike. Both teachers and students had to be proficient in the English language in order to understand each other. More teachers were recruited to teach the various mother tongues of Malay, Tamil and Mandarin. Students had to work harder to compete and get into a prestigious and elite school. In addition, students had to pay higher fees for autonomous or independent schools. Teachers also had to rethink their teaching methods and engage students more to promote creativity and induce intrinsic motivation to learn instead of mere memorization. As our former Minister of Education, Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, explained diverse paths were also provided for students with talents in different fields so as to train young people to embrace change and do well in life. (Lee, S.K. Goh, C.B. Fredriksen, B. Tan, J.P. 2008) In evaluation, while these policies appeared feasible in theory, practice proved it wrong. The Bilingual Policy was admitted to be a mistake. (Hoe, 2009) Minister Mentor (MM) Lee Kuan Yew said that his implementation of the Bilingual Policy caused students to be put off by the Chinese language instead of fostering a love for the language. However, MM Lee is not entirely wrong as students are able to fluently converse, read and write in their Mother Tongues. This echoes the education theory of Essentialism where societal gains are placed before personal interests. Another policy that was changed in 2004 involved the softening of the school ranking system. (Shanmugaratnam, 2004) While this policy may be effective in differentiating students of varying IQs, this has also objectified students as they are either classified condemned, normal or gifted. This is a result of our focus on meritocracy and ability. Streaming is not effective because students are not given equal chances to flourish in different aspects of their character but is solely based on how well he does in his studies in a particular examination. Lastly, the TSLN policy is cast in a more positive light as it shifts Singapore from an efficiency-driven education system to an ability-driven education system. (Lee, S.K. Goh, C.B. Fredriksen, B. Tan, J.P. 2008) This is a better policy as it offers students greater flexibility and choice in their education. Students are now able to choose from a range of educational institutes like the School of the Arts (SOTA), Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, the Singapore Sports School and the Singapore Institute of Technology to develop their talents and abilities. Nonetheless, while this can be seen as a deviation from Essentialism, the main objective of the TSLN policy is to remain economically competent in the 21st century. The other desired outcome is the creation of a concerned citizen through moral education. Moral education in Singapore was, and always will be, aimed at forging citizens together and promoting common values to prevent racial and cultural tension amongst the 4 racial groups. (Tan, J. Gopinathan, S. Ho, W.K., 1997) The reason for this desired outcome is due to the largely polarized cultural groups in Singapore directly after independence. Hence, there was a need to bring together the people of Singapore and thus, moral education is needed for nation building and cohesion. The introduction of moral education into the education system resulted in several policy changes. The more significant ones include the mandatory singing of the National Anthem and recitation of the National Pledge (1966) in all schools every morning (Tan, C. Wong, B. Chua, J.S.M Kang, T, 2006), the implementation of Education for Living as a subject (Tan, J. Gopinathan, S. Ho, W.K., 1997) and more recently, the National Education for all levels and Community Involvement Programme (CIP) in 1996 for lower level schools and Service Learning for upper levels. (Ministry of Education, 1998) These 3 policy changes work towards the cohesion of Singaporeans as a whole regardless of race or religion and promote social concern and civic responsibility amongst citizens. These policy changes have affected teachers and students in a more subtle manner. Students then had to learn the National Anthem and Pledge by heart. Teachers were required to undergo training to learn and teach the Education for Living syllabus, Good Citizen, as a subject in the various Mother Tongues. Furthermore, teachers also had to learn how to organize and manage students for CIP and incorporate National Education into everyday teaching. The compulsory singing of the National Anthem and recitation of the Pledge is effective because the Pledge embodies our goals as a country as shown by the words, One united people to signify cohesion in diversity, and to achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our Nation and the recitation every morning reminds students that diversity is not an obstacle and that Singaporeans should always care for the country. Furthermore, although the CIP and Service Learning projects have noble intentions and are theoretically effective, they turn out to be less efficient in practice. For example, secondary school students carry out the bare minimum of 6 hours of community work in order to meet the criteria set by the Ministry of Education. This defeats the purpose of CIP as it does not properly inculcate students to sincerely help out the needy but only forces students to help because their schools said so. In conclusion, ultimately, Singapore is still a survival-driven society and economy. Having only people as resources has not made it any easier. Hence, regardless of what policy changes or desired outcomes of education, Singapores ultimate goal in education is to remain economically competent in the 21st society. 2191 words.